sulfonamides and miscellaneous Flashcards
What is the brand name of sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
co-trimaxazole, TMP-SMX (Bactrim)
What is the route of administration of sulfamethoxazole + Trimethroprim (Bactrim)
- oral
- IV only in extreme situations
List the sulfonamides
- sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (Bactrim)
- sulfamethoxazole (Gantanol)
- Sulfasalazine
- silver sulfadiazine
route of administration of sulfamethoxazole (Gantanol)
oral
route of administration of Sulfasalazine
oral
route of administration of silver sulfadiazine
topical
sulfamethoxazole (Gantanol) has a high concentration where
high urine concentration
what is a major different between the sulfonamides
rate of absorption, excretion and solubility in the urine
MOA of sulfamethoxazole. static or cidal?
competes with PABA in the synthesis of bacterial folic acid
- generally bacteriostatic
- bactericidal in the urinary tract
MOA of trimethoprim
prevents the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate
spectrum of coverage of Sulfamethoxazole
inhibit G+ and G- organisms
DOC UTI infections (first attack)
Co-trimoxazole (Bactrim)
contraindications of Bactrim
- avoid use near term or in nursing premature or jaundiced infants
- sulfa can cross placenta and blood brain barrier
How much higher is Bactrim’s concentration in the urine than in the plasma
urine concentration is 10-20 times higher
Toxicities of sulfa drugs
- drug sensitivity (allergy 6%)
- Steven-Johnson Syndrome
- Kernicterus (sulfa compete with binding of bilirubin to plasma proteins)
contraindications of sulfa drugs
should not be given to infants < 2 months old
What is the one Lipopeptide Abx
Daptomycin (Cubicin)
MOA of Daptomycin (Cubicin)? static or cidal?
binds to bacterial membrane and causes a rapid depolarization of membrane potential
- bactericidal
spectrum of coverage of Daptomycin (Cubicin)
G+ aerobic and anaerobic
route of administration of Daptomycin (Cubicin)
IV
what abx can be used as an alternate to vancomycin to treat serious G+ infections
Daptomycin (Cubicin)
MOA of Mupirocin (Bactroban)
bacterial protein and RNA synthesis are inhibited
spectrum of coverage of Mupirocin (Bactroban)? Static or cidal?
good against G+ and some G-
- bacteriostatic at low concentrations
- bactericidal at high concentrations
route of administration of Mupirocin (Bactroban)
topical; intranasal
what abx is used to treat impetigo caused by S.aureus and/or streptococcus pyogenes
Mupirocin (Bactroban)
Name the two polypeptide Abx
- Polymyxin B
- Colistin
MOA of polypeptide Abx
G- infections
MOA of polymyxin B
binds to G- bacterial cell membrane phospholipids (lipid A of endotoxin)
spectrum of coverage of polypeptide abx
- G- infections
- No effect in G+
toxicity of polypeptide abx
nephrotoxicity
route of administration of polypeptide abx
topical
