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pharm exam 2 > Fluoro and Drugs for UTI > Flashcards

Fluoro and Drugs for UTI Flashcards

1
Q

common pathogens of UTI infections

A
  • E-coli (70-80%)
  • Staphylococcus saprophytricus
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2
Q

Catheter-associated UTIs are caused by what organisms

A

gram negative

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3
Q

List the Fluoroquinolones

A
  1. Ciprofloxacin
  2. Norfloxacin
  3. Ofloxacin
  4. Levofloxacin
  5. Moxifloxacin
  6. Gatifloxacin
  7. Gemifloxacin
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4
Q

What two Fluoroquinolones are active against anaerobes

A
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Gemifloxacin
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5
Q

which Fluoroquinolones is used against community acquired PNA

A

Levofloxacin (Levaquin)

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6
Q

MOA of Fluoroquinolones? Static or cidal?

A

inhibit DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV

*Bactericidal

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7
Q

Spectrum of Fluoroquinolones

A
  • aerobic G-
  • good G+
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8
Q

which Fluoroquinolones has anti-pseudomonal coverage

A

cipro

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9
Q

DOC anthrax

A

cipro

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10
Q

route of administration of Fluoroquinolones

A

well absorbed orally

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11
Q

which Fluoroquinolones can be used to treat prostatitis

A

Norfloxacin

Ofloxacin

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12
Q

Adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones

A
  • Gi disturbances
  • Increase QT interval
  • Cartilage erosion
  • Tendon rupture
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13
Q

Fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in what patient populations

A
  • Pregnant or nursing women
  • children under 18 years old (cartilage damage)
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14
Q

MOA of Metronidazole? static or cidal

A

fragment DNA

Bacteriocidal

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15
Q

coverage of Metronidazole

A
  • Anaerobes
    • G- and G+
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16
Q

DOC pseudomembranous colitis (C. Diff)

A

Metronidazole

17
Q

route of administration of Metronidazole

A
  • oral
  • IV
  • topical
18
Q

adverse reactions of Metronidazole

A

metallic taste

19
Q

what is a common property of Nitrofurantoin and Methenamine

A
  • exclusive UTI drugs
  • high urinary concentrations
20
Q

MOA of Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin)? static or cidal?

A
  • damages bacterial DNA
  • static and cidal
21
Q

spectrum of coverage of Nitrofurantoin

A
  • used for UTI
  • active against a wide spectrum of G+ and G-
22
Q

route of administration of Nitrofurantoin

23
Q

contraindications of Nitrofurantoin

A
  • creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min
  • pregnancy (38-42 weeks)
  • < 1 month old
24
Q

toxicity of Nitrofurantoin

A
  • hepatocellular damage
  • hemolytic anemia
  • interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
25
Q

route of administration of Methenamine

26
Q

MOA of Methenamine

A
  • decomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia in acidic urinary tract

*acidic urine increases theraputic action

27
Q

spectrum of Methenamine

A
  • G- organisms
    • nearly all bacteria are sensitive
    • but bacteria that increase pH of urine inhibit release of formaldehyde

*especially E-coli

28
Q

resistance mechanisms to Methenamine

A

bacterial resistance to formaldehyde does not develop

29
Q

toxicity of Methenamine

A

essentially non-toxic

30
Q

contraindications to administer Methenamine

A
  • hepatic insufficiency
  • renal insufficiency

pharm exam 2 (9 decks)

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