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Drugs > Sulfonamides > Flashcards

Sulfonamides Flashcards

1
Q

what are sulfonamides structural analogues of

A

paramino benzoic acid

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2
Q

MOA of sulfonamides

A

suppress bacterial growth by inhibiting synthesis of folic acid (needed for DNA, RNA, and proteins)

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3
Q

are sulfonamides bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal

A

bacteriostatic

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4
Q

what is the principle indications for sulfonamides

A

UTIs and DOC for nocardiosis

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5
Q

MC sulfonamide that is used for UTIs

A

sulfamethoxazole in combo w/ trimethoprim

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6
Q

do sulfonamides cross the placenta

A

yes

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7
Q

where are sulfonamides metabolized

A

liver

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8
Q

MC side affect of sulfonamides

A

skin hypersensitivity reactions

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9
Q

most serious but rare hypersensitivity of sulfonamides

A

Steven Johnson’s Syndrome

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10
Q

what are sulfonamides chemically related to

A

thiazide & loop diuretics, sulfonylureas

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11
Q

what genetic deficiency should you not give sulfonamides to

A

G6PD (the drug can cause acute hemolytic anemia

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12
Q

what should you do if sulfonamides are used for a long time

A

periodic blood tests

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13
Q

what fetal effects can sulfonamides have when a child is born

A

kernicterus (disposition of bilirubin in the brain causing severe neurologic deficits and even death)

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14
Q

what can happen is you use older sulfonamides

A

renal damage from crystalluria

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15
Q

drug interactions of sulfonamides

A

warfarin, phenytoin, sulfonylurea type oral hypoglycemics

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16
Q

examples of systemic sulfonamides

A

Sulfisoxazole (Gansitrin)
Sulfamethoxazole (Gantanol, Urobak)
Sulfadiazine

17
Q

examples of topical sulfonamides

A 
Sulfacetamide (Bleph-10)- widely used for conjunctivitis, 
               corneal ulcer
Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene) & Mafenide (Sulfamylon)
18
Q

Trimethoprim MOA

A

interferes with production of tetrahydrofolic acid suppressing DNA, RNA, and proteins

19
Q

antimicorbial spectrum of trimethoprim

A

most enteric G- (e coli, kelbsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, serratia marcesans, salmonella, shigella

some G+

some Protozoa

20
Q

therapeutic use for trimethoprim

A

initial therapy for acute, uncomplicated UTI

21
Q

some adverse effects of trimethoprim

A

hematologic (usually in people w/ existing folate deficient)-
megaloblastic anemia, thrombocytopenia,
neutropenia
hyperkalemia
caution in breast feeding

22
Q

trimethprim-sulfamethoxazole (Sepra, Bactrim) narrow or broad spectrum

A

broad

23
Q

uses for Bactrim/Sepra

A

UTIs (great for chronic or recurrent infections)
DOC for Penumocystitis Pneumonia (PCP)
GI infections from G- bacilli
OM & acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
Whooping cough, nocardiois, brucellosis, meloidiosis, listeriosis, chancroid

24
Q

does bactrim/sepra cross the placenta/ breast milk

A

yes

25
Q

drug interactions of Bactrim/sepra

A

same as sulfonamides (warfarin, phenytoin, sulfonylurea type oral hypoglycemics)

Drugs (3 decks)

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