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507 final > Suicide > Flashcards

Suicide Flashcards

1
Q

parasuicide

A

a suicide attempt that does not result in death

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2
Q

suicide

A

a self-inflicted death in which the person acts intentionally, directly, and consciously.

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3
Q

death seekers

A

clearly intend to end their lives at the time they attempt suicide

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4
Q

death initiators

A

clearly intend to end their lives, but they act out of a belief that the process of death is already underway and they are simply hastening the process.

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5
Q

death ignorers

A

do not believe their self-inflicted death will mean the end of their existence

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6
Q

death darers

A

experience mixed feelings or ambivalence about their intent to die.

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7
Q

subintentional death

A

a death in which the victim plays an indirect, hidden, partial, or unconscious role.

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8
Q

retrospective analysis

A

a psychological autopsy in which clinicians piece together information about a person’s suicide from the person’s past.

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9
Q

Triggering events for suicide

A

stressful events, mood and thought changes, mental disorders, modeling

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10
Q

stressful events that can lead to suicide

A
  • social isolation
  • serious illness
  • abusive or repressive environment
  • occupational stress
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11
Q

Mood and thought changes that can trigger suicide

A
  • the key to suicide is “psychache” a feeling of psychological pain that seems intolerable.
  • hopelessness: a pessimistic belief that one’s present circumstances, problems, or mood will not change.
  • dichotomous thinking: viewing problems and solutions in rigid either/or terms
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12
Q

Mental disorders that can trigger suicide

A

As many as 70% of all suicide attempters had been experiencing severe depression, 20% chronic alcoholism, 10% schizophrenia.

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13
Q

Modeling effect on suicide

A
  • the social contagion effect

* postvention: postsuicide programs put in place at schools

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14
Q

Psychodynamic view of suicide

A
  • suicide results from depression and anger at others that is redirected towards oneself.
    • researchers have often found a relationship between childhood losses and later suicidal behaviors.
    • “death instinct”
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15
Q

Durkheim’s sociocultural view

A

The probability of suicide is determined by how attached a person is to such social groups as family, religious institutions, and community.

* egoistic suicides: carried out by people over whom society has little or no control (people who are isolated, alienated and nonreligious)
* altruistic suicides: people so well-integrated into the social structure that they sacrifice their lives for its well-being. (kamikaze pilots)
* anomic suicides: people whose social environment fails to provide stable structures; they have been let down by society as opposed to egoistic suicides who have rejected society.
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16
Q

The interpersonal theory of suicide

A

asserts that people will be inclined to pursue suicide if they hold two key interpersonal beliefs-perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness-and, at the same time, have a psychological capability to carry out suicide.

17
Q

biological view of suicide

A
  • family and twin studies

* Serotonin activity levels low in people who complete suicide (even separate from depression)

18
Q

crisis intervention

A

a treatment approach that tries to help people in a psychological crisis to view their situation more accurately, make better decisions, act more constructively and overcome the crisis.

19
Q

Suicide death and attempt statistics

A
  • 36,909 deaths in 2009
    • 100.8 per day
    • 1.5% of all deaths
  • 922,725 (estimated) annual attempts in U.S.
    • translates to one attempt every 34 seconds
    • 25 attempts for every death by suicide
    • three female attempts for each male attempt
20
Q

How is suicide studied?

A
  • retrospective analysis

- studying people who survive their attempts

21
Q

Suicide risk factors

A
  • Caucasian and Native American
  • Gender
    • Women more likely to attempt
    • Men increased risk of completion
  • Over 70 years of age (60 for men)
  • Sexual minority (especially during teen years)
  • Family history (possible genetic component)
  • psychological disorder
    • depression: with anxious distress at higher risk
    • schizophrenia
    • substance use: 50% of suicides, person was under the influence
  • limited social support network
    • alone or divorced people have higher rates
22
Q

Which mental disorders put people at higher risk for suicide?

A
  • depression: with anxious distress at higher risk
    • schizophrenia
    • substance use: 50% of suicides, person was under
23
Q

What age range is at higher risk for suicide?

A

Over 70- 60 for men.

24
Q

Suicide warning signs

A
  • Threatening to hurt or kill self or talk of wanting to hurt or kill self
  • Seeking access to lethal means
  • Talking or writing about death, dying or suicide
  • Increased substance use
  • No reason for living; no sense of purpose in life
  • Feeling trapped, like there is now ay out
  • Anxiety, agitation, unable to sleep
  • Hopelessness
  • Withdrawal, isolation
25
Q

Modeling and suicide

A

Suicides by family members and friends, celebrities, other highly publicized suicides, and ones by co-workers are particularly common triggers.

26
Q

What can we do to prevent suicide?

A
  • Most suicides are impulsive, therefore:
    • Limiting public access to common means of suicide can have significant impacts
      • Gun control, safer medications, better bridge barriers, car emissions controls
  • TALK about it. Public education and reduction of shame and stigma.
27
Q

Suicide assessment

A
  • Directly ask about suicidal ideation and self harm
  • SLAP domains
    • Specificity of plan
    • Lethality of method
    • Availability of means
    • Proximity of helpers
  • Manipulation aspect- personality disorder
28
Q

SLAP domains and suicide assessment

A

Specificity of plan
Lethality of method
Availability of means
Proximity of helpers

29
Q

Suicide treatment

A
  • Risk minimization
    • Enlisting support to others
    • Removal of means
    • Potentially hospitalization
  • Directly target suicide behavioral and ideation
    • Improve emotion regulation skills and distress tolerance
    • mindfulness
  • Contracting for safety
    • written, signed, collaborative project
  • Patient safety plan
30
Q

Elements of a patient safety plan

A
  • Step 1: warning signs that a crisis may be developing
  • Step 2: internal coping strategies
  • Step 3: people and social settings that provide distraction
  • Step 4: people whom I can ask for help
  • Step 5: professionals or agencies I can contact during a crisis
  • Step 6: Making the environment safe

507 final (8 decks)

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