Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

507 final > Personality disorders > Flashcards

Personality disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Qualities of Cluster A disorders

A
  • odd, eccentric

* similar to schizophrenia, may be part of “spectrum”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Qualities of Cluster B disorders

A
  • dramatic, emotional, erratic
  • instability (social/emotional)
  • self-centered
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Qualities of Cluster C disorders

A
  • anxious or fearful

* relationships dominated by anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

Cluster A

  • extremely mistrusting and suspicious of others
  • avoidance and hostility common
  • highly critical of others, hypersensitive and unable to accept criticism
  • irrational/illogical thinking
    • grandiosity and reference
    • poor reality testing
    • similarities to positive symptoms of schizophrenia
  • few if any meaningful relationships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Etiology of paranoid personality disorder

A
  • learned mistrust
  • life experiences not likely causal for classic presentation
  • increased prevalence in relatives with schizophrenia
  • more common in males
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for paranoid personality disorder

A
  • treatment resistant
  • transparency and rapport building essential
  • supportive problem-solving in relationships most effective
  • no empirically supported pharmacological treatment
  • antidepressants and antipsychotics may be somewhat effective but compliance is poor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

Cluster A
characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion.

  • profound lack of interest in meaningful social relationships
  • anhedonic
  • flat mood and affect
  • general indifference to others
  • prefer solitary activities
  • similarity to negative symptoms of schizophrenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Etiology of schizoid disorder

A
  • learned interpersonal style
  • life experiences not likely causal for classic presentation
  • increased prevalence in relatives with schizophrenia
  • related to autism and asperger’s
  • decreased dopamine receptors in mesolithic area
  • greater left v. right hemisphere activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment for schizoid disorder

A
  • unmotivated for treatment
  • emotion understanding
  • social skills training
  • group treatment may be useful
  • no EST pharmacological treatment
  • antidepressants and anxiolytics may be helpful
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A

Cluster A
characterized by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities.

  • solitary lifestyle
  • irrational/illogical thinking prominent
    • magical thinking
    • paranoia
  • unusual perceptual experiences
  • bizarre lifestyle
  • possible prodromal stage of schizophrenia in younger adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Etiology of schizotypal disorder

A
  • odd thoughts processes may be mechanism for dealing with anxiety
  • humiliation as child by parents = poor self esteem and mistrust
  • increased prevalence in relatives with schizophrenia
  • similar cognitive deficits as in schizophrenia patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment for schizotypal disorder

A
  • typically multi-faceted and long term
  • social skills training
  • CBT
  • group treatment common
  • pharmacological- no EST, antipsychotics common, antidepressants also used
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

Cluster B

  • Pervasive disregard for and pattern of violation of rights of others
  • long standing history through childhood
  • manipulation and deceit as a hobby
  • impulsivity
  • physical aggression
  • psychosocial fallout
    • criminality
    • unemployment
    • violent death/suicide
    • divorce
    • substance use disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Etiology of antisocial personality disorder

A
  • psychological
    • modeling
    • parental concession to belligerence and misbehavior
  • biological
  • men>women
  • substantial genetic contribution to components
  • low levels of serotonin leads to aggression and impulsivity
  • experience less anxiety/arousal to stressful events
  • damage/dysfunction in prefrontal cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment for antisocial disorder

A
  • uninterested in tx, therapist as one to manipulate
  • most work on children with conduct disorder
  • major problem behaviors treated specifically (more motivated by consequences)
  • no pharmacological EST
  • antidepressants may be helpful for those w co-morbid alcohol use disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

Cluster B

  • Pervasive pattern of impulsivity and instability in interpersonal relationships and self-image
  • Tremendous fear of abandonment, extreme sensitivity
  • Emotional volatility- Love - Hate - Anger
    • inability to self soothe
    • cutting (self-injury)
    • dissociative experiences
  • Manipulative (there is a function to the things they do to manipulate)
  • Black and white thinking
  • Feelings of emptiness, poor sense of self
  • Psychosocial fallout
    • Relationship dysfunction
    • Suicide/parasuicidal behavior
    • Substance use disorders
17
Q

Etiology of borderline disorder

A
  • Volatile home environment as child
    * abuse (esp. sexual) and exploitation
    * traumatic experiences
    * modeling of volatility and transient relationships
    * unstable sense of self
    • Emotional avoidance and poor emotional regulation
    • Genetic, relationship to mood disorders
    • Women > men
    • hyper-responsive HPA axis- intense emotions
18
Q

Treatment for borderline

A
  • Seek treatment, but very difficult to treat
    • boundary issues
  • Dialectical Behavior Therapy
    • Harm reduction
    • emotion regulation
    • black-white thinking- synthesis of polar opposites
    • social skills training
  • Pharmacological
    • SSRI’s
    • Mood stabilizers
  • Discrimination by mental health professionals
19
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

Cluster B

  • excessive emotionality and attention-seeking
  • flashy appearance
  • extremely insecure, poorly developed sense of self
  • impulsive
  • black and white thinking
  • superficial cognitive style
  • dependent on others for sense of self-worth
  • manipulative
    • seductive
    • charming
20
Q

Etiology of histrionic disorder

A
  • traumatic childhood experiences
  • inconsistent treatment from parents
  • attention positively reinforced
    • gaining attention for physicality
  • Women>men
    • female expression of antisocial PD?
    • Stereotyped views of women
  • Hyper-Responsive HPA axis
21
Q

Treatment for histrionic disorder

A
  • Seek treatment, very difficult to treat
  • CBT
  • Assertiveness training
  • role-play for social skills training
22
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

Cluster B

  • grandiose sense of self
  • problems in life are due to other’s shortcomings
  • sense of entitlement and privilege
  • extremely self-centered; lack of empathy
  • shallow value system
    • appearance based
    • status
  • egg-shell ego
    • easily threatened
    • requires others constant and unequivocated approval
    • distort reality to fit with inflated sense of self
23
Q

Etiology of narcissistic disorder

A
  • Poor modeling of empathy from parents
    • Unjustified praise as child and/or shallow value system
    • Societal influence
      • men>women- societal disapproval of self centered women
      • generational differences
24
Q

Treatment for narcissistic disorder

A
  • rarely seek treatment, very difficult to treat
    • CBT
      • thought challenging
      • empathy building
      • understanding others’ perspectives
      • coping with criticism
25
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder

A
  • over-reliance on others
    • submissive
    • clinging behavior
    • separation anxiety
  • extremely low sense of self-efficacy
  • great difficult tolerating solitude
  • avoidant of responsibility and decision making
  • different from BPD in high degree of passivity, lack of impulsivity, lesser degree of emotional volatility
  • target for domestic abuse
26
Q

Etiology of dependent disorder

A
  • disrupted early bonding experiences
    • over-involved and intrusive parents
    • previous hx of separation anxiety as risk factor
    • greater prevalence in females (societal?)
27
Q

Treatment for dependent disorder

A
  • explore long standing, maladaptive patterns in relationships with respect to dependency issues.
    • assertiveness training
    • CBT
      • increase ability to act independently
      • improve self esteem
      • improve interpersonal relationships
      • assertiveness and social skills training
28
Q

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A

marked by such an intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control that the person loses flexibility, openness, and efficiency.

  • Anal-retentive
    • rigid, perfectionistic, details focused (lose sight of big picture)
    • few leisure activities
    • limited social sphere
    • non-indulgent
    • black and white thinking
  • Does not have obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors
29
Q

Etiology of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A
  • emotionally withholding and overprotective or over controlling parents
  • childhood punishment without rewards
  • unrealistic fear of mistakes
  • men 2x greater than women
30
Q

Treatment for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A
  • Psychological- no EST
    • patient brings needs for control to therapy
    • may superficially accept ideas and plans discussed in treatment
    • develop ability to appreciate leisure activities
    • accept existence of rules, examine costs and benefits of always following rules
  • Pharmacological- no EST
    • SSRI’s may be helpful
31
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A
  • Overwhelming feelings of inadequacy/inferiority
  • Very sensitive to criticism, evaluation, rejection
  • Leads to avoidance of and inhibition in social situation
  • Timid and withdrawn in close and intimate relationships
  • Social phobia= fear of social circumstances; avoidant pd= fear of relationships
32
Q

Etiology of avoidant personality disorder

A
  • harsh, rejecting, criticizing parents
    • shame
    • negative expectations of other and themselves
    • negative self image
  • bullying or other difficult peer relationships
  • failure to develop social skills
33
Q

Treatment for avoidant personality disorder

A
  • Psychological- no EST
    • high drop-out rates
      • looking for validation and acceptance from therapist
      • fear rejection
    • tx similar to social phobia
      • CBT
      • group therapy
    • pharmacological - no EST
      • anti-anxiety
      • antidepressants
34
Q

personality disorder

A

an enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that repeatedly impairs a person’s sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity for empathy, and/or capacity for intimacy.

35
Q

Categorical v. dimensional approach

A

A categorical approach is used by the DSM, assuming that these traits are either present or absent in people, like a light switch that is on or off. Many theorists argue for a dimensional approach, which would see these traits along a continuum.

36
Q

DBT

A

(treatment of choice for borderline patients): a comprehensive treatment approach, applied particularly in cases of borderline personality disorder and/or suicidal intent; includes both individual (CBT) and group therapy sessions (social skill building and support)

37
Q

Big Five personality characteristics

A

neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experiences, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.

507 final (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions