Sugars & Phosphate; Structure and Superstructure

Question 1

What is the sugar component of RNA?

Answer 1

D-ribose

Question 2

What is the sugar component of DNA?

Answer 2

2-deoxy-D-ribose

Question 3

A compound that consists of D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose bonded to a purine and pyrimidine base by a glycosidic bond.

Answer 3

Nucleoside

Question 4

The third component of nucleic acids.

Answer 4

Phosphoric acid

Question 5

When this group forms a phosphate ester bond with a nucleoside, the result is a compound known as a _____________.

Answer 5

Nucleotide

Question 6

A nucleoside in which a molecule of phosphoric acid is esterified with an -OH of the monosaccharide.

Answer 6

Nucleotide

Question 7

At which positions is phosphoric acid is esterified?

Answer 7

Most commonly either at the 3’ or the 5’ -OH.

Question 8

Serves as a common currency into which energy gained from food is converted and stored.

Answer 8

Adenosine 5’ -triphosphate (ATP)

Question 9

Base + Sugar

Answer 9

Nucleoside

Question 10

Base + Sugar + Phosphate

Answer 10

Nucleotide

Question 11

A chain of Nucleotides

Answer 11

Nucleic Acid

Question 12

The primary structure can be DIVIDED into two (2) parts:

Answer 12

1. The backbone of the molecule
2. The bases that are the side-chain groups.

Question 13

The strand is read from the?

Answer 13

The 5’ end to the 3’ end

Question 14

ADDITIONAL INFO

Answer 14

The phosphodiester bond is a covalent linkage between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl (OH) group attached to the 3′ carbon of the deoxyribose sugar in an adjacent nucleotide, forming what is known as the “sugar-phosphate backbone” of DNA.

Question 15

True or False. The base sequence is read from the 5’ end to the 3’ end.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Explain what is SECONDARY STRUCTURE.

Answer 16

Secondary Structure is the ordered arrangement of nucleic acid strands.

Question 17

A type of 2° STRUCTURE in which two polynucleotide strands are coiled around each other in a SCREW-LIKE FASHION.

Answer 17

Double helix

Question 18

In the DNA double helix, the two polynucleotide chains run in OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS which is called __________.

Answer 18

Antiparallel

Question 19

A purine, always approximately equals the amount of a particular second base, a pyrimidine.

The bases are paired according to what rule?

Answer 19

Chargaff’s Rule

Question 20

True or False. A-T and G-C are not complementary base pairs.

Answer 20

False. They are COMPLEMENTARY base pairs

Question 21

DNA is coiled around proteins called __________.

Answer 21

Histones

Question 22

Two basic amino acids whose side chains have positive charge.

Answer 22

Lys and Arg

Question 23

What do you call the ATTRACTION between a negatively-charged DNA MOLECULES and positively-charged HISTONES?

Answer 23

Nucleosomes

Question 24

A core of eight histone molecules around which the DNA helix is wrapped.

Answer 24

Nucleosome

Question 25

True or False. Nucleosomes are further condensed into CHROMATIN.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Chromatin fibers are organized into loops, and the loops into the bands that provide the superstructure of _________.

Answer 26

Chromosomes.

Question 27

REMEMBER!

Answer 27

Nucleosome to Chromatin to Chromosomes ;)

Question 28

Solenoids of nucleosomes form a ______ nm filament.

Answer 28

30 nm

Question 29

Are other substructures.

Answer 29

Loops and minibands

Question 30

How many turns per Loop?

Answer 30

50 turns per loop

Question 31

How many loops in miniband?

Answer 31

18 Loops