Sugars and polysaccharides

Question 1

What is a monosaccharide

Answer 1

The monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made

Question 2

Give 3 examples of monosaccharides

Answer 2

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

Question 3

What bond is formed between 2 monosaccharides in a condensation reaction

Answer 3

glycosidic

Question 4

What is a disaccharide

Answer 4

Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of 2 monosaccharides

Question 5

How is maltose formed

Answer 5

Glucose + Glucose

Question 6

How is sucrose formed

Answer 6

Glucose + Fructose

Question 7

How is lactose formed

Answer 7

Glucose +Galactose

Question 8

What is glucose

Answer 8

A hexose sugar - a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms in each molecule.

Question 9

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 9

Many glucose units joined together

Question 10

Outline the function of starch

Answer 10

Store of excess glucose in plants

Question 11

Outline the structure of starch

Answer 11

Alpha glucose molecules joined together ( by hydrogen bonds ) to form a helix resulting in a large compact molecule

Question 12

Give 3 ways the structure and function of starch link

Answer 12

1) Large size so unable to move out of cells
2)Large size means that is insoluble so does not affect water potential of cells making it a good storage molecule
3)Helix makes it compact so lots of glucose can be stored in a small place

Question 13

Outline the structure of glycogen

Answer 13

Alpha glucose molecules joined together to form a helix resulting in a large complex molecule that is more branched than starch

Question 14

Outline the function of glycogen

Answer 14

Store of excess glucose in animals

Question 15

Give 3 was in which the structure of glycogen links to its function

Answer 15

1) Helix makes it compact so lots of glucose can be stored in a small space
2)Large size means that it is insoluble so does not effect the water potential of cells
3) Many branches means that glucose can be released quickly for respiration

Question 16

Outline the structure of cellulose

Answer 16

Beta glucose molecules joined together to from a long unbranched chain
Hydrogen bonds between the chains allow them to form microfibrils

Question 17

Outline the function of cellulose

Answer 17

to provide structural support support ( in the cell wall )

Question 18

Give 1 way in which the function and structure of cellulose links

Answer 18

1) Hydrogen bonds ensure the microfibrils are strong and stable giving strength and rigidity to the plant cell wall.
this prevents the cells from bursting when water enters by osmosis so they become turgid