Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells Flashcards
Describe the cell surface membrane
Found on the inside of cell walls
Found on the surface of animal cells
Mainly made of lipids and proteins
Describe the function of the cell surface membrane
Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Has receptor molecules on the surface, to respond to chemicals like hormones
Describe the nucleus
Large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope ( double membrane ) which contains many pores
It contains chromosomes and a nucleolus
Describe the function of the nucleus
Controls cells activities by controlling the transcription of DNA
DNA contains instructions to make proteins
Pores allow substances ( e.g RNA ) to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
The nucleolus makes ribosomes
Describe the mitochondrion
Oval shaped
Double membrane - the inner one is folded to form cristae
Inside is the matrix, which contains enzymes involved in respiration
Outline the function of mitochondrion
Site of aerobic respiration - this produces ATP
They are found in large numbers in the cell and are very active - requiring lots of energy
Describe the chloroplast
Small flattened stucture found in plant and algal cells
Surrounded by a double membrane
Also has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes
These are stacked up in some parts to form grana
What is the function of chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis
Some parts of photosynthesis happen in grana
Other parts happen in stoma
Describe the golgi apparatus
A group of fluid filled, membrane bound flattened sacs
Vesicles are often seen at the edges of sacs
Outline the function of golgi appartus
Processes and packages new lipids and proteins
It also makes lysosomes
Describe the golgi vesicle
Small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm
Surrounded by a membrane and produced by golgi apparatus
Outline the function of the golgi vesicle
Stores proteins and lipids made by golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell
Describe the lysosome
A round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure
Outline the function of the lysosome
Contains hydrolytic enzymes, which are kept separate from the cytoplasm by the surrounding membrane
Can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell
Describe the ribosome
Very small organelle that floats free in the cytoplasm, or is attached to reticulum
Made up of proteins and RNA
Not surrounded by a membrane
Outline the function of the ribosome
The site where proteins are made
Describe the rough endoplasmic reticulum
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space
Surface covered with ribosomes
Outline the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Folds and processes the proteins that have been made at the ribosome
Describe the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Same as rough but with no ribosomes
Outline the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesises and processes lipids
Describe the cell wall
A rigid structure that surrounds cells in plants, algae and fungi
In plants and algae - made of mainly cellulose
In fungi - made of chitin
Outline the function of the cell wall
Supports cells and prevents them from changing shape
Describe the cell vacuole
A membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm
Contains cell sap ( salt and sugar solution )
Surrounding membrane is called tonoplast
Outline the function of vacuole
Helps maintain pressure inside the cell and keep it rigid
Stops the plant from wilting
Also involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals in the cell
