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As-Level Biology - Biological Molecules - Moss > Sugars > Flashcards

Sugars Flashcards

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1
Q

What elements do all carbohydrates contain?

A

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

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2
Q

What are the monomers that make up carbohydrates made from called?

A

Monosaccharides

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3
Q

3 examples of monosaccharides?

A

Glucose

Fructose

Galactose

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4
Q

Glucose is a hexose sugar. What does this mean?

A

A monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms in each molecule

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of glucose?

A

Alpha and beta

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6
Q

When is a disaccharide formed?

A

When 2 monosaccharides join together

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7
Q

What are monosaccharides joined together by?

What is formed?

What is released?

A

Condensation reactions

A glycosidic bond between 2 monosaccharides

Molecule of water

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8
Q

What is maltose formed by?

A

2 alpha glucose molecules

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9
Q

What is sucrose formed from?

A

glucose and fructose molecule

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10
Q

What is lactose formed from?

A

glucose molecule and a galactose molecule

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11
Q

What can all sugars be classified as?

A

Reducing sugars or non-reducing sugars

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12
Q

What test is used to test for sugars?

A

Benedict’s test

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13
Q

What do reducing sugars include?

Give 2 examples

A

All monosaccharides and some disaccharides

Maltose and lactose

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14
Q

What colour is Benedict’s reagent?

A

Blue

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15
Q

When testing for reducing sugars, what colour is the sample if they are not present?

A

Stays blue

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16
Q

If reducing sugar is present, what colour is the samples?

A

Brick red precipitate

17
Q

What does a higher concentration of reducing sugar mean?

A

Further the colour change goes

18
Q

What is a more accurate way of comparing the amount of reducing sugar in different solutions?

A

Filter the solution and weigh the precipitate

OR

Remove precipitate and use a colorimeter to measure the absorbable of the remaining Benedict’s reagent

19
Q

How do you carry out the test for non-reducing sugars?

A

Add dilute hydrochloride acid

Heat in a water bath

Neutralise by adding sodium hydrogencarbonate

Carry out Benedict’s test

20
Q

What colour is the sample if non-reducing sugar is not present?

A

Sample stays blue

21
Q

What colour is the sample if non-reducing sugar is present?

A

Brick red precipitate

As-Level Biology - Biological Molecules - Moss (8 decks)

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