Suez Crisis

Question 1

What was the impact of Britain after the suez crisis?

Answer 1

• accepted second division power
• loses relationship with USA (tensions)
• loses control of the suez
• eden has to resign

Question 2

What was the impact of the French on the Suez Crisis?

Answer 2

• French had no relationship with the USA so it didn’t bother them

Question 3

Impact on Egypt after the suez crisis?

Answer 3

• had to be saved
• ended up with control of the Suez
• most powerful Arab leader
• stood up to imperialism

Question 4

What was the USA impact of the Suez Crisis?

Answer 4

• annoyed at uk and France
• Arabs state were now pushed towards the Soviet’s

Question 5

What are free officers?

Answer 5

Young men from a poor background that receive and education and risen up the ranks in the army

Question 6

When was the suez canal open?

Answer 6

1869

Question 7

How much did the Suez Canal cut from the journey from Europe to Asia?

Answer 7

5000 miles

Question 8

Who built the canal?

Answer 8

Ferdinand de Lesseps

Question 9

Who owned and ran the Canal at the beginning?

Answer 9

Private company, owned by shareholders

Question 10

Who did the Khedive (ruler) of Egypt sell 44% of shared to in 1875?

Answer 10

British gov

Question 11

What % of the shipping using the canal was british?

Answer 11

80%

Question 12

When did Egypt gain formal independence?

Answer 12

1922

Question 13

When did the British remove their troops to the canal zone?

Answer 13

1947

Question 14

Why did Egyptians turn against King Farouk

Answer 14

He was seen as a weak king and they blamed him for the Egyptian defeat in the Israeli war

Question 15

Who became the new leader of Egypt in 1954?

Answer 15

Abdel Nasser

Question 16

What was Nasser’s key aim when coming to power?

Answer 16

Free Egypt from foreign influence

Question 17

Why could Eisenhower not win over Nasser by giving him arms?

Answer 17

Because they would use it on the Israelis

Question 18

How did Britain and USA try to win over Nasser?

Answer 18

Fund the creation of the Aswan Dam

Question 19

What did Britain also promise to do by June 1956 in order to win over Nasser?

Answer 19

Remove troops from the Suez Canal

Question 20

What did Israel attack in Feb. 1955?

Answer 20

Gaza

Question 21

Who did Nasser purchase arms from in Sept. 1955?

Answer 21

Czechoslovakia

Question 22

Who did Nasser establish diplomatic relations with?

Answer 22

China

Question 23

How did Britain and the US respond to Egypt purchasing arms from the Soviet bloc?

Answer 23

They cut their funding for the Aswan Dam

Question 24

What did Nasser announce on the 26th July 1956?

Answer 24

Canal will be run by Egyptians (nationalised)

Question 25

Why did the French want to get rid of Nasser?

Answer 25

They were fighting a war with Algeria and Nasser was funding the Algerians

Question 26

When was it and what was proposed at the Lancaster House Suez Conference?

Answer 26

• 1956
• Suez canal goes back to international ownership

Question 27

Why did the USA not support an attack on Egypt?

Answer 27

• Pushed the Arabs into the arms of the Soviets
• He was running for re election

Question 28

What did Britain and France secretly decide?

Answer 28

Israel would attack Egypt and then Britain and France would come into Egypt as peacemakers. They would offer a deal to end the conflict which Israel would take and Egypt would refuse. Nasser would get removed as leader and Britain could get the Suez back

Question 29

When and where did the Israeli attack Egypt?

Answer 29

29th October
Milta pass

Question 30

What justification did Israel give the UN for their attack?

Answer 30

Acting in self defence from raids of the Fedayeen

Question 31

What ultimatum did Britain and France issue to both sides?

Answer 31

Stop fighting within 12 hours, remove troops ten miles from the Canal

Question 32

What did Britain do on October 31st 1956?

Answer 32

Began bombing Egyptian airfields and infrastructure

Question 33

Why were the western powers and Israel initially hopeful of working with Nasser from 1954?

Answer 33

• Nasser seemed moderate and reasonable
• Israel thought Nasser would negotiate a settlement

Question 34

Why did the perception of Nasser become more negative?

Answer 34

• Bagdad pact - Nasser refused to join and caused other Arab countries not to as well

Question 35

Why did the Arab Nations and Israel consider having a ‘second round’?

Answer 35

• The 1949 Armistic agreement did not result in a stable border and Israel wanted to stop the Fedayeen attacks
• The Arabs wanted to defeat the Israeli’s and redeem the Palestinians

Question 36

Who were the Fedayeen and what were they doing in the early 1950s?

Answer 36

• Arab freedom fighters/terrorists, generally seen as Palestinian guerrillas
• 1950, 19 Israelis killed
• 1951, 48 Israelis killed

Question 37

How did Israel respond to the Fedayeen attacks?

Answer 37

Opted a policy of retaliation
- shoot-to-kill orders
- mining of border areas
- Qibya raid

Question 38

Why were the Israelis unhappy about the British withdrawing from the Suez canal?

Answer 38

• Britain acts as a buffer between Egypt and Israel
• Egypt would become eligible for US raid

Question 39

Why was the Gaza Raid (Feb 1955) such a significant for Nasser’s attitude towards Israel? What did he do in response?

Answer 39

• He believed it to be the turning point in Israeli, Egyptian relations
• Said Israeli action was the main reason why Egypt went to the Czechs for arms and aid

Question 40

Why did Nasser turn to the Soviets for aid?

Answer 40

• Gaza Raid
• The USA, France and Britain had all refused to give arms to the Egyptians themselves

Question 41

What is the main policy difference between Ben Gurion and the ‘hawks’ and Sharett and the ‘doves’?

Answer 41

Gurion - believed the Arabs would never accept Israel and make peace therefore, large scale interventions and war if necessary
Sharett -