The intifada and 90s peace process Flashcards
When was the first intifada?
December 1987
What were some long term causes of the Intifada?
- decreased standard of living
- massive increase in Jewish settlers
- occupied territories of Gaza and the West Bank
- Lack of faith in the PLO
What were the short term causes of the Intifada?
- Lorry crash
- Stone throwing, demonstrations and protests
- new generation of Palestinians
What actions did the Palestinians take in the Intifada?
- throwing rocks, demonstrations
Who led the Intifada?
Nobody, that is one of the reasons it was so significant it was the first time the Palestinian PEOPLE had banded together.
What was the Israeli response of the Intifada?
‘Iron fist policy’ - tear gas, water canon, rubber bullets, live ammunition.
Why did the Israelis have to change their response of the Intifada? What did they do instead?
TV and media coverage of Palestinians being shot dead for force-less protests meant they had to stop using bullets.
- Instead they used ‘might, force and beating’ policy - mass arrests and special detention camps
What did many Palestinians want the PLO to do? Why?
Wanted them to recognise Israel and persuade the Israelis to accept a Palestinian state, they realised that peace would not be found through military means
September 1991:What was the significance of the US withdrawing 10 billion of loans to Israel? Why did they suddenly put pressure on Israel?
- Put pressure on Israel to talk to the PLO
- Caused them to agree to talk to them
- They put pressure on Israel because the USSR was gone and they didn’t have to fear their allies running to the USSR
What was the significance of the 1992 election of Yitzhak Rabin as PM of Israel?
- more moderate government
- promised to work for peace with the Palestinians
What was the significance of the Oslo Accord? (1993)
Paved the way for a step by step approach towards self government for the Palestinians
What did the second Oslo Accord (1995) state?
- Israeli forces would withdraw from major Palestinian towns
- Elections to the Palestinian authority would finally be held
- Palestinian prisoners would be released from Israeli jails
When was Rabin assasinated?
1995
What was the problem with the West bank in the Oslo Accord?
Both sides wanted east jerusalem which was part of the West bank
Why were some Israelis hesitant to make peace?
- concerned about Jerusalem
- Saw Arafat as a terrorist who didn’t deserve recognition
What was the main outcome of the 1993 Oslo Accord?
- Arafat called for an end to the Intifada and recognised ‘the right of Israel to exist in peace and security’
- Rabin recognised ‘ the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people’
What was Hamas? What was their view of the peace process?
- established in 1988, P terrorist group
- against the peace process
- angry they have to recognise Israel as a state
