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Behaviour > Sudden Visual Disturbance > Flashcards

Sudden Visual Disturbance Flashcards

1
Q

damage to optic nerve results in

A

mononuclear field loss

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2
Q

damage at the optic chiasm results in

A

bi-temporal hemianopia

common causes:

  • pituitary adenoma
  • craniopharyngioma
  • intracranial aneurysm
  • meningioma
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3
Q

damage to the optic tracts results in

A

homonymous hemianopia on the same side

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4
Q

damage to the whole optic radiation results in

A

homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing on the same side

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5
Q

damage to the parietal optic radiation results in

A

inferior homonymous hemianopia

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6
Q

damage to the temporal optic radiation results in

A

superior homonymous hemianopia

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7
Q

what sits between the optic tract and the optic radiation

A

the lateral geniculate body

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8
Q

what might cause a hole in vision affecting one eye (central scotoma)

A

optic nerve disease (neuritis)

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9
Q

pupil constriction is cause by which division of the ANS

A

parasympathetic

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10
Q

what are the causes of MIOSIS (small pupils)

A 
senile miosis
horner's
argyll robertson pupil (no light but accommodation)
myotonic dystrophy
drugs (OPIATES, PILOCARPINE)
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11
Q

what are the features of Horner’s syndrome

A

Ptosis
Miosis
Anhidrosis
Enophthalmos

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12
Q

what are the causes of MYDRIASIS

A

Adie’s pupil
Third nerve palsy
drugs : AMPHETAMINES, ANTIDEPRESSANTS, TROPICAMIDE, ATROPINE
trauma/prev surgery

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13
Q

describe the afferent loop of the pupillary light reflex

A

retina –> optic nerve –> LGN –> mid brain

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14
Q

describe the efferent loop of the pupillary light reflex

A

ipsilateral AND contralateral EDINGER WESTPHAL nucleus –> third nerve –> colliery ganglion

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15
Q

a patient is requiring examination of their retina. what drug would you suggest to dilate their pupil
Hx: 34, no medical conditions, blue eyes)

A

TROPICAMIDE
could also use cyclopentolate or atropine for mydriasis (toxicity in both)
phenylephrine is another option but longer onset

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16
Q

treatment for uveitis

A

cyclopentolate

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17
Q

treatment for dry eyes

eg at work

A

hypromellose
viscotears
(lacrilube ointment will cause blurred vision)

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18
Q

dry mouth, flushing and confusion are side effects of which ocular drug

A

atropine most likely

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19
Q

treatment for conjunctivits

A

chloramphenicol

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20
Q

what should be used to flush eyes

A

sodium chloride 0.9 or tap water

21
Q

which drugs are associated with the development of acute glaucoma

A

any drug inducing mydriasis

phenylephrine, tropicamide, cyclopentolate or atropine

22
Q

what would you use to aid examination of a pt with foreign body in eye

A

flourescin drops

23
Q

what are long lasting eye drops for dry eyes

A

viscotears

lacrilube

24
Q

which drugs would you used for a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for glaucoma

A

eye drop - DORZOLAMIDE

po ACETAZOLAMIDE

25
Q

which drug used in the treatment of glaucoma can cause breathlessness in asthmatics

A

timolol

26
Q

what are the symptoms of acute-angle closure glaucoma

A 
sudden onset
red painful eye
N/V
blurred vision
headache

more likely to occur in dark conditions when pupil is dilated
asian people are more at risk

27
Q

what are the functions of the tear film

A

flush away debris
antibacterial protection
optimal visual function
lubricate eyelid movement

28
Q

which systemic drug gives the side effect of disturbance in colour vision

A

digoxin toxicity

29
Q

which systemic drug gives the side effect of halos esp during night time driving and optic neuropathy

A

amiodarone

30
Q

which systemic drug gives the side effect of blurred vision and corneal deposits

A

anti-psychotics

31
Q

which systemic drug gives the side effect of optic neuritis causign the loss of visual acuity and macular degeneration

A

ethambutol

32
Q

which systemic drug gives the side effect of orange staining of tears

A

rifampicin

33
Q

which systemic drug gives the side effect of blurred vision, disturbance of accommodation and increased IOP

A

TCAs

34
Q

which systemic drug gives the side effect of miosis

A

opiods

35
Q

which systemic drug gives the side effect of cataracts in long term use and increases IOP

A

corticosteroids

36
Q

which systemic drug gives the side effect of blurred vision and a reduction in tears

A

anti-histamines

37
Q

what is phenylephrine and what are its side effects

A

alpha-1 receptor antagonist

photophobia and blurred vision
acute glaucoma
HTN and arrhythmias

38
Q

list three antimuscarinics and some side effects

A

ATOPINE
CYCLOPENTOLATE
TROPICAMIDE

stinging on instillation
raised IOP
photophobia and blurred vision

39
Q

what is pilocarpine and what is it used for

A

muscarinic agonist
reverses mydriasis and opens drainage channel in the trabecular meshwork (treatment for glaucoma)

SE:
head/brow ache
myopia
risk of retinal detachment

40
Q

which organism is the most common cause of conjunctivitis and blepharitis

A

straphyloccoci

41
Q

which antibiotic could be used for a conjuctivitis caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

gentamicin, tobramycin, quinolone and polymyxin B

42
Q

what type of eyes are resistant to pupillary dilation

A

darkly pigmented irises

43
Q

what happens in primary open-angle glaucoma

A

obstruction of drainage of trabecular meshwork often from bowing of iris against trabecular meshwork

painless onset, loss of peripheral vision
more common in black africans

44
Q

what is uveitis and how would it present

A

inflammation of the uveal tract

blurred vision
pain
redness
photophobia (anterior)
floaters (posterior)
45
Q

what is retinal vein occlusion and how would it present

A

thrombus of central vein at/posterior to lamina cribosa

sudden painless loss of vision

on fundoscopy:
dilated veins
retinal haemorrhage
cotton wool spots
retinal oedema
46
Q

what is retinal artery occlusion and how would it present

A

sudden painless loss of vision

on fundoscopy:
narrow arteries
opaque and oedematous retina
cherry red spot

OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY as irreversible within 90 mins

47
Q

how would retinal detachment present

A

progressive loss of visual fields

sudden onset of floaters and flashes of light

48
Q

how would DRY AMD present

A

painless progressive loss of central vision

on fundoscopy DRUSEN

49
Q

what would you see on WET AMD

A

choroidal neovascularisation

Behaviour (10 decks)

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