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Behaviour > Spinal Cord Compression > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Compression Flashcards

1
Q

what is monoparesis

A

weakness of one limb

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2
Q

what is paraparesis

A

weakness of both legs

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3
Q

what is hemiparesis

A

weakness of one side of the body

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4
Q

what is quadraparesis

A

weakness of all four limbs

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5
Q

what is hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

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6
Q

what is paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs

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7
Q

in UMN what muscular patterns are seen in the legs and arms

A

legs:
plantiflexion>dorsiflexion
adduction>abduction

arms:
adduction>abduction

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8
Q

which muscles are affected in demyelinating polyneuropathy

A

proximal and antigravity muscles

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9
Q

which muscles are affected in length dependant axonal neuropathy

A

distal weakness

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10
Q

which food can exaggerate muscular pain cause by statins

A

grapefriut juice can increase plasma concentration of atorvastatin and simvastatin

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11
Q

what is seen on biopsy of polymyositis

A

inflammatory cells surround and infiltrate muscle

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12
Q

what is seen on biopsy of dermatomyositis

A

inflammatory cells surround blood vessels in muscles

pts presents with rash over hands and face
there is an association with malignancy in adults

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13
Q

what is seen on biopsy of inclusion body myositis

A

rimmed vacuole in muscle fibres

tends to occur in elderly pts
affects proximal leg muscles and long finger flexors

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14
Q

bilateral sciatia is indicative of what

A

cauda equina

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15
Q

which type of sensory and motor neurone are activated in myotactic reflexes

A

muscle spindles activate afferent Ia fibres
these synapse onto inhibitory interneurones which inhibits the alpha-motor neurone to the heteronymous muscle
the afferent Ia fibre also synapses with alpha motor neurone in the affected muscle and causes contraction

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16
Q

what are Renshaw cells and name a toxin which affects them

A

inhibitory neurones excited by alpha motor neurones,
they inhibit synergistic alpha motor neurones ensuring the reflex is transient (provide negative feedback)
work via GLYCINE
glycine release is inhibited by tetanus toxin

17
Q

which afferent and efferent fibres are used in the Golgi tendon reflex

A

afferent Ib synapses onto inhibitory interneurone which inhibits:
efferent alpha

18
Q

what do gamma motor neurones do

A

regulate tension in muscle spindles

19
Q

what type of tract is the corticospinal tract where does it originate
where does it decussate

A

descending from Pyramidal (Betz) cells through internal capsule
80% Decussates at the medullary pyramids this forms the lateral CS tract and controls distal limb muscles

the remaining 20% descend ipsilaterally and forms the ventral CS tract
they then cross the midline before synapsing onto motor neurones for proximal limb and axial muscles

20
Q

what is the purpose of the primary somatosensory cortex

A

receives sensory input via the thalamus and sends descending fibres to sensory regions to filter signals

21
Q

what is the purpose of the premotor area

A

planning of intended movements

eg movements requiring visual guidance

22
Q

what is apraxia

A

inability to produce a specific motor act even thought sensory and motor pathways remain intact

23
Q

which descending tract is involved in the modulation of spinal extensor reflexes

A

reticulospinal

24
Q

which descending tract is involved in posture and balance

A

vestibulospinal

25
Q

which descending tract is involved in direct head movements in response to sitmuli

A

tectospinal

26
Q

which descending tract is involved in facilitating flexor motor neurones

A

rubrospinal

27
Q

what are the 3 main sensory ascending tracts

A 
1) SPINOTHALAMIC --> THALAMUS
pain touch temp pressure
2) SPINOCEREBELLAR --> CEREBELLUM
proprioception
3) DORSAL COLUMNS --> THALAMUS
joint position and fine discriminatory touch
28
Q

how do the fibres of the spinothalamic pathway decussate

A

afferents enter the spinal cord into the dorsal horn, they then traverse the spinal cord and ascend in either the anterior or lateral ST tract

anterior - pain and temp
lateral - crude touch

29
Q

how do the fibres of the dorsal columns decussate

A

enter the spinal cord white matter posteriorly and ascend ipsilaterally in the dorsal columns.

Synapse in medulla, second order neurones then decussate and ascend in the medial lemniscus to thalamus

30
Q

what are the signs of spastic paraparesis

A

increased tone and clonus
weakness
atrophy and contractors
extensor plantars

31
Q

what are the causes of spastic paraparesis

A 
demyelination
cerebral palsy
cord compression
MND
spinal cord infartion
vasculitis
myelitis
subacute combined degeneration of the cord
syringomyelia
syphilis
32
Q

what is Friedreich’s ataxia

A 
hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia (AR)
features:
- kyphoscoliosis
- pes cavus
- ataxia
- apastic paraparesis
- peripheral neuropathy
- cerebellar signs
-cardiomyopathy
- diabetes mellitus

Behaviour (10 decks)

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