sudden loss of vision

Question 1

common causes of sudden painless loss of vision

Answer 1

ischaemic/vascular: occlusion of central retinal vein and artery
vitreous haemorrhage
retinal detachment
retinal migraine

Question 2

causes of central retinal vein occlusion

Answer 2

glaucoma
polycythaemia
hypertension

Question 3

causes of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 3

thromboembolism or arteritis

Question 4

features of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 4

afferent pupillary defect, cherry red spot on pale retina
sudden painless unilateral visual loss

Question 5

causes of vitreous haemorrhage

Answer 5

diabetes, bleeding disorders, anticoagulants

Question 6

features of vitreous haemorrhage

Answer 6

sudden visual loss
dark spots

Question 7

features of vitreous detachment

Answer 7

flashes of light or floaters

Question 8

features of retinal detachment

Answer 8

dense shadow that starts peripherally
central vision loss
veil or curtain

Question 9

management of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 9

manage underlying conditions
acute presentation: intraarterial thrombolysis

Question 10

management of central retinal vein occlusion

Answer 10

majority managed conservatively
macular oedema: intravitreal anti-VEGF agents
retinal neovascularisation- laser photocoagulation