Sudden Death Week Flashcards
Define Shock
condition of inadequate perfusion to sustain normal organ function with resulting organ dysfunction and eventual death
5 causes of shock
Hypovolaemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive and cytotoxic
Hypovolaemic shock can be caused by…
blood loss, electrolyte rich fluid loss (third space) or severe dehydration
Cardiogenic shock occurs due to…
failure of the heart to function as an effective pump (MI, myocarditis, acute valve pathology)
Obstructive shock occurs due to…
a physical obstruction to the heart or great vessels, which impair cardiac filling (PE, cardiac tamponade)
Distributive encomapsses…
septic, anaphylactic and neurogenic shock
Distributive shock occurs when…
uncontrolled vasodilation overcomes the compensatory mechanisms of >CO
Cytotoxic shock is rare and follows…
haemoglobin or mitochondrial poisoning impairing O2 transport or utilisation (CO or cyanide poisoning)
Which type of shock has profoundly reduced BP?
Anaphylactic
Which type of shock has bradycardia as a symptom?
Neurogenic (uncontrolled vagal tone)
Treatment of hypovolaemic shock
fluid and blood replacement
Treatment of cardiogenic shock
careful fluid management, inotropes, vasopressors, treat underlying cause
Septic shock treatment
Sepsis 6 (BUFALO), fluids and early vasopressors
Anaphylactic shock treatment
Adrenaline = first lines, antihistamines and steroids
Neurogenic shock treatment
vasopressors
8 Reversible causes of cardiac arrest
Hypovolaemia, hypoxia, hypothermia, metabolic (hyperkalaemia), thrombus, tension pneumothorax, tamponade, toxins
4Ts
thrombus, tension pneumothorax, tamponade, toxins
4Hs
Hypovolaemia, hypoxia, hypothermia, metabolic (hyperkalaemia)
how deep should chest compressions be?
5-6 cm
When should you give adrenaline during CPR and how much?
every 3-5 mins, 1mg IV
When should you give amiodarone during CPR and how much?
after 3 shocks, 300mg IV
P-R interval legnth
0.12 - 0.2 s (3-5 squares)
QRS legnth
0.8-0.1 s (2-3 squares)
How do you calculate HR of an ECG
300/ R-R interval (number of big squares)
count the number of cardiac cycles in 6 secs and times by 10 (30 squares)
