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CSET SBT1 > Subtest1 > Flashcards

Subtest1 Flashcards

1
Q

Writing style of the Sumerians of Ancient Mesopotamia

A

Cuneiform wedge writing

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2
Q

Sumerians of Ancient Mesopotamia Agriculture

A

Constructed complex systems of irrigation; expanded farm land.

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3
Q

A city-state is

A

a self-governing entity. City-states were known for what tey specialize in

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4
Q

Sumerians of Ancient Mesopotamia Governing System

A

City-state with an agricultural economy. Loose coalitions.

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5
Q

Sumerians of Ancient Mesopotamia rivers

A

Tigris and Euphrates; Fertile Crescent.

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6
Q

Semites language

A

Hebrew or Arabic

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7
Q

Sumer was conquered by

A

The Semites

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8
Q

Hammurabi was the sixth King of

A

Babylon from 1792 BC – 1750 BC

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9
Q

Writing style of the Ancient Babylonians of Mesopotamia

A

Scribes dictated in Acadian

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10
Q

Ancient Babylon of Mesopotamia STEM

A

360 degree circle and 60 minute hour.

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11
Q

Ziggurats

A

served as temples, storehouses, and meeting places.

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12
Q

Center of Babylon culture and religion

A

Ziggurat

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13
Q

Ancient Babylon of Mesopotamia STEM

A

Astrology

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14
Q

Ancient Babylon of Mesopotamia Religion

A

Polytheistic; King God Marduk.

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15
Q

Ancient Babylon of Mesopotamia History

A

Scribes recorded culture on clay tablets.

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16
Q

Ancient Babylon of Mesopotamia Governing System

A

Simple capital and a single city state ruled over region with a centralized government.

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17
Q

Hittitities Conquest

A

Much of Northern Mesopotamia and Asia Minor; much of Middle East

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18
Q

Babylonian STEM

A

iron smelting, chariots, and bronze.

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19
Q

Hittites Military

A

Known for their use of bronze, chariots, and effective military tactics.

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20
Q

Hittites Demise

A

The capital Hattusa burned around 1200 BC; eventually migrated west to flee the growing power of the Greeks. This led to the fall of the capital city.

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21
Q

Bronze Age Advantage

A

Civilizations that had these technologies could often conquer those who didn’t

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22
Q

Ancient Phoenicia of Mesopotamia Economy

A

Maritime; sold throughout the Mediterranean and gained a lot of wealth due to their seafaring trade culture.

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23
Q

Ancient Phoenicia of Mesopotamia Language

A

Development of one of the first alphabets; 22 consonants. Later adopted by the Greeks, who added vowels. Alphabet was later adopted by the greater part of the western world.

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24
Q

Why was Phoenicia called the ‘Land of Purple’

A

They created a purple dye that was very rare and very expensive. It was reserved primarily for the wealthy.

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25
Q

Ancient Phoenicia of Mesopotamia Religion

A

Polytheistic; mythological creatures revolved around the sea in this culture.

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26
Q

Collapse of Ancient Phoenicia of Mesopotamia

A

Eventually fell under control of Hittites and Assyrians and their society collapsed and was conquered.

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27
Q

Ancient Assyria of Mesopotamia Major Accomplishments

A

Known for their vast highway systems, extensive library, and postal system.

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28
Q

Ancient Assyria of Mesopotamia Military

A

organized army and fighting formations, good weapons, similar government system. Romans of Asia.

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29
Q

Ancient Assyria of Mesopotamia Laws

A

Harsh laws and harsh punishment

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30
Q

New Babylon was founded by __________ in 700-500 BC.

A

Chaldeans

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31
Q

New Babylon of Mesopotamia STEM

A

Astrology; believed the study of stars could be used to predict the future.

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32
Q

Nebuchadnezzar was the king of

A

Babylon 1125-1104BC

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33
Q

New Babylon of Mesopotamia Architecture

A

Known for its architectural achievements and hanging gardens.

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34
Q

Persian Empire of Mesopotamia Conquest

A

Attempted to unify the entire Near East.. conquered Mesopotamia, western Asia, large portions of Arab peninsula, part of Egypt, and Northern Africa.

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35
Q

Persian Empire of Mesopotamia Military Failure

A

Tried on a few different occasions to conquer Greece but were pushed back. They were never able to entirely conquer Greece but made some penetrations

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36
Q

Battle of Thermopylae

A

Small group of Spartan soldiers held off the Persians.

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37
Q

Known as the Land of Assyrians

A

Persian Empire

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38
Q

Persian Empire of Mesopotamia Religion

A

Practiced Zoroastrianism, an ethics based religion that looked at how we should live our lives, which differed from others at the time. Lots of nature gods

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39
Q

Ancient Egypt is called the gift of the Nile because because

A

it has regular annual floods that irrigated land.

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40
Q

Nile transportation benefits

A

Nile flows North but wind typically blows South. Sail south, flow north.

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41
Q

Ancient Egypt Geography

A

Located in the Fertile Crescent. To the north the Mediterranean Sea, to the east the Red Sea, to the west the Nile, and the South and West the world’s largest desert Sahara. Sinai Peninsula only point of entry to Nile.

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42
Q

Ankh

A

is the symbol of eternal life.

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43
Q

Advantages of Sinai Peninsula

A

it is a very narrow region that could be easily defended against invaders.

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44
Q

Pharaoh

A

living personification of Horus

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45
Q

Religion of Ancient Egypt

A

Polytheistic; Rah, Anubis, Osiris

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46
Q

Dead Pharaohs bodies were preserved because

A

it was believed they would need their bodies in the afterlife, so they would need to preserve it as well as all of his servants.

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47
Q

Purpose of Pyramids

A

A place for the Pharaoh to live out his afterlife undisturbed.

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48
Q

Pyramid construction theories

A

Constructed from the inside-out, bottom-up, or using a dummy-weight system.

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49
Q

Kush Independence

A

Won their freedom from Egypt 1070 BC. For a lot of its history it was conquered and incorporated into Egypt. They later conquered Egypt for a period.

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50
Q

Kush Geography

A

Region south of Egypt. Along the upper Nile river valley.

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51
Q

Kush Culture

A

Kush was a place of cultural and economic exchange. Assimilated cultural ideas from around the world to create their own unique cultural (art, writing system, and gods).

52
Q

Dynasties in China were described as

A

periods of unity

Zhou Dynasty. (ca. 1050–256 B.C.) Western Zhou. …
Qin Dynasty. (221–206 B.C.) Qin Shihuangdi. …
Han Dynasty. (206 B.C.–220 A.D.) Western (former) Han. …
Six Dynasties. (220–589) A.D. Three Kingdoms. …
Sui Dynasty. (581–618) Wendi. …
Tang Dynasty. (618–906) Gaozu. …
Five Dynasties. (907–960) Later Liang. …
Song Dynasty. (960–1279) Northern Song.

53
Q

Shang Dynasty

A

First dynasty before this small tribes.

54
Q

Chou Dynasty

A

Came from the west, east remained fragmented. Began foundations for Great Wall by building small unconnected walls.

55
Q

Ch’in Dynasty

A

One of the first to establish a strong central government that encompassed the whole of China. Accomplishments were legalism and the completion of the Great Wall of China.

56
Q

Legalism in China

A

Legalism was the idea that there was a strict set of laws for governing society. First responsibility was to society and filling your role.

57
Q

Han Dynasty

A

A time of great prosperity with active trade routes to Europe. Politics were influenced by Confucianism. Buddhism was introduced from India to China.

58
Q

Sui Dynasty

A

Dealt largely with 3 warring states within China. Was able to reunite them briefly. Accomplishment was the Grand Canal.

59
Q

Tang Dynasty

A

300 year period of prosperity; art and culture flourished

60
Q

Sung Dynasty

A

Accomplishments: early ripening rice, gunpowder, magnetic compass, and moveable typeset for printng

61
Q

Silk Road

A

The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West.

62
Q

Trading along the Silk Road

A

usually traders would do portions at a time, so traders would be stationed along the way.

63
Q

Chinese Silk

A

The process was kept a secret from the west for a time. Exported to the Middle East and all over Europe. They used worm cocoons.

64
Q

Three major religions of China

A

Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism.

65
Q

Buddhism

A

Emphasized the middle path and the release of all cares as a route to nirvana. Self-denying living a simple basic life. Created by Siddhartha Garma.

66
Q

Confucianism

A

Focused on the importance of people’s roles in society and coupled with the doctrine of legalism, largely formed the foundations of Chinese culture and politics.Roles in society, permitted the overthrow of leaders who weren’t doing their part in society.

67
Q

Taoism

A

emphasized a natural way of living and connectedness to the universe.

68
Q

Greece Maritime

A

Dominated the Argan sea, and to a large extent the Mediterranean.

69
Q

Greek Literature

A

Seafaring journeys and battles were common themes in Greek Literature. Iliad and the Odyssey.

70
Q

Greek Religion

A

Polytheistic; Zeus, Apollo, Athena, Aphrodite, Hades, and Ares are examples of their Gods.

71
Q

Examples of Greek City-States

A

Athena and Sparta

72
Q

Examples of Early Greek Civilizations

A

Minoans and Mycenaeans

73
Q

Sparta Governing system

A

A totalitarian state ruled by a king.

74
Q

Spartan Culture

A

known for being militaristic and emphasizing physical and emotional strength above all else. Gave greater rights and liberties to women. Practiced Eugenics.

75
Q

Greece Accomplishments

A

Known for being a democracy and monumentally influential in modern western politics, art, and architecture.

76
Q

To ensure physical superiority Spartans practiced

A

Eugenics

77
Q

Who united against Persia in the Persian Wars

A

Athens, Sparta, and other Greek city-states.

78
Q

Athens and Sparta turned against each other in what war

A

The 13 year Peloponnesian War

79
Q

During the Hellenic Age, Alexander the Great of Macedonia united what two civilizations

A

Greek and Persia

80
Q

This civilization emerged as the dominant world power after the Punic Wars with Carthage

A

The Roman Republic

81
Q

Society in the Roman Republic was divided into what 3 categories

A

Patricians, Plebeians, and Slaves

82
Q

Under the Republic, the seat of Roman government was

A

the Senate

83
Q

The first emperor of the Roman Empire

A

Augustus

84
Q

Roman Republic achievements

A

aqueducts, coliseum, and other architecture.

85
Q

In 286 the Roman Republic was divided into

A

East and West

86
Q

Roman leader who legalized Christianity in 313

A

Constantine

87
Q

Factors that led to the decline of the Roman Republic

A

Political instability, mercenary armies, inflation, excessive taxation, decreased agricultural production, barbarian invasions and division over Christianity.

88
Q

These two classical civilizations existed after the fall of the Western Roman Empire

A

The Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire

89
Q

Justinian Code is the law code of the

A

Roman Empire

90
Q

The collapse of the Western Roman Empire led to

A

European society becoming fragmented into small regions ruled by lods and the knights who served them.

91
Q

Manorialism

A

political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord.

92
Q

Feudalism

A

political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord.

93
Q

Established the first lasting monotheistic religion

A

Hebrew civilization

94
Q

Jews originally lived in

A

Canaan

95
Q

Under leadership of Joseph, the Jews moved to

A

Egypt

96
Q

Under the leadership of this historical/biblical figure the Jews fled Egypt

A

Moses

97
Q

The teaching of Moses were written down to form the

A

Torah

98
Q

Around 1000 BC the 12 tribes united under

A

Saul

99
Q

The death of Solomon resulted in

A

Hebrew civilization splitting into Israel and Judah

100
Q

Conflict between Hebrew civilization and Rome

A

Led to the destruction of Jerusalem and the expulsion of many Jews

101
Q

This civilization was known as the Harappan Civilization during it’s mature phase

A

The Indus Valley Civilization

102
Q

Indus Valley Civilization Accomplishments

A

its advance culture, historical contributions, precise scientific measurement system, and graceful bronze and terracotta sculptures.

103
Q

Laid the foundations of early Hinduism

A

The Vedic Period

104
Q

Hinduism

A

is a diverse belief system which spans the gamut of monotheism, polytheism, and pantheism

105
Q

Caste System

A

a rigid social structure that divided the population into four distinct castes, which are believed to have emerged from the Varnas of Purusha

106
Q

India’s open geography

A

led to waves of invasions from Central Asia and surrounding areas.

107
Q

During the 1200s medieval China fell under the control of

A

the Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous empire in the history of the world.

108
Q

Ruled the Mongol Empire during the 1200s

A

Genghis Khan

109
Q

During the Ming Dynasty, 1300-1600

A

The Mongols were ousted, and China practiced an isolationist

110
Q

Early Japan borrowed heavily from

A

Chinese politics and culture

111
Q

During the Heian Era (800-1200 AD)

A

Japan began to develop a distinct identity.

112
Q

In Feudal Japan, the majority of power was vested in

A

the Shogun, a military ruler who was usually chosen from amongst the daimyo. The Emperor held little real power.

113
Q

Daimyo were served by the

A

Samurai

114
Q

Daimyo were

A

powerful Japanese feudal lords who, until their decline in the early Meiji period, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings

115
Q

During the Tokugawa period

A

Japan practiced extreme isolationism.

116
Q

In Africa, seaports and international trade gave rise to

A

various city-states along the eastern coast where cultures such as Swahili thrived.

117
Q

Zimbabwe Economic Resource

A

The gold trade helped them become a strong kingdom.

118
Q

Western Africa was heavily influenced by

A

Islam, created a set of moral rules, brought a boom in trade due to this.

119
Q

Berbers

A

a nomadic people of northern Africa whose origin extends as far back as ancient times.

120
Q

Berbers alt. names

A

Libyans, Mauri, and Moors. Romans called them Moors.

121
Q

The Muslim Conquest (600-700 AD)

A

also known as the Arab conquest of Iran, led to the end of the Sasanian Empire of Persia in 651 and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion. united the Arab Peninsula under Islam.

122
Q

Muhammad

A

is considered the prophet of Islam and his teachings form the basis for the Koran.

123
Q

Caliphs

A

the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. Ruled Arabia from 600-1900AD through the Ottoman rulers.

124
Q

Turkish people, Ottomans

A

conquered and started installing their own rulers

125
Q

Sultans

A

soverign Muslim leader or King; Turkish.

CSET SBT1 (2 decks)

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