Subsystems of Language - Lexicology Flashcards
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What is Lexicology?
Closely related to morphology, it is the study of the vocabulary of a language. Includes word classes and evolution of languages.
What are the Word Classes?
Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Determiners, Pronouns, Prepositions, Interjections, Conjunctions
Nouns (n.)
Concrete - sense with your senses.
Abstract - can’t sense with senses.
Proper - capitalised, specific place/people.
Collective - group of things/people.
Plural - noun with ‘s’.
Adjectives (adj.)
Describes and modifies nouns, adds qualities/judgements, and adds degree of comparison.
Verbs (v.)
Doing words.
Auxiliary - modify/change some aspect of a main verb.
Modal - can, could, shall, should, will, may, would, might, must
Adverbs (adv.)
Modifies/describes verbs and sometimes adjectives.
Determiners (d.)
Used before nouns/noun phrases.
Articles - a, an, the
Demonstratives - this, that, these, those
Possessives - my, your, his, her, etc.
Quantifiers - a few, some, many, etc.
Numbers - one, two, three, etc.
Pronouns (pn.)
Used in place of nouns/noun phrases.
Personal, Subjective, Objective, Possessive, Relative, Demonstrative
Prepositions (prep.)
Used to show relationships in space/time or logical relationships between people, places, things. Commonly followed by noun phrase/pronoun, if not, its an adverb.
e.g. He was walking down the road. “Down” -> preposition, “the road” -> noun phrase.
Interjections (interj.)
Used to express emotions, mostly sounds. Usually at the beginning or end of a sentence. More common in speaking.
e.g. Ouch
Coordinating Conjunctions
Links phrases, words, and clauses
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So -> FANBOYS
Subordinating Conjunctions
Links only clauses.
e.g. because, since, unless, whereas
What are Content Words?
The words in a sentence that carry the meaning.
e.g. “I” am “going” to go to “school”
What are Function Words?
The words in a sentence that convey grammar.
e.g. I “am” going “to go to” school
