Subsystems of Language - Lexicology Flashcards
What is a noun and what are the two types of nouns?
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, quality or action. There are two types:
- Concrete: Touchable and can be observed through the 5 senses (e.g. ‘Book)
- Abstract: Ideas that can’t be directly observed (e.g. ‘Beauty’)
What is a proper noun?
A proper noun is a noun that specifically names a person, place, thing, quality or action, and ALWAYS starts with a capital (e.g. ‘John,’ ‘Minecraft’).
What is a collective noun?
A collective noun is a noun that names a group of animals, people and things (e.g. a ‘Flock’ of Seagulls)
What is a plural noun?
A plural noun is a noun that has an end suffix that makes the word refer to more than one person, place, thing or idea (e.g. “Pillars” instead of “Pillar” to refer to more than 1 Pillar).
What is a pronoun and what are the 5 types?
A short word that can replace a noun in a sentence. The 5 types are
- Subject pronouns (e.g. “I,” “they,” “he,” “it”)
- Object pronouns (e.g. “Me,” “her,” “him”)
- Possessive pronouns (e.g. “Mine,” “Ours,” “Theirs”)
- Relative pronouns (e.g. “That,” “Who,” “Which”)
- Demonstrative pronouns (e.g. “This,” “That,” “These” “Those”)
What is a verb?
Words that indicate actions (e.g. “Run”), processes (e.g. “Wondered”) or states (e.g. “Was”)
What is an auxiliary verb?
An auxiliary verb is a verb that modifies and changes some aspect of a main verb, and are used to create the range of tenses in the English language. (e.x. “Will,” “Was,” “Could”)
What is a modal verb and what are the 9 modal verbs?
A modal verb is a special category of an auxiliary verb that carries information to do with notions such as ability, permission, likelihood and obligation. The 9 modal verbs are:
- Can
- Could
- Shall
- Should
- Will
- Would
- May
- Might
- Must
What is an adverb and what are the 5 types of adverbs?
An adverb is a word that modifies or describes a verb, adjective, another adverb or entire sentence. The 5 types of adverbs are:
- Time (e.g. “Soon,” “Later”)
- Frequency (e.g. “Always,” “Never”)
- Manner (e.g. “Hastily,” “Quickly”)
- Place (e.g. “Inside,” “Everywhere”)
- Degree (e.g. “Never,” “Sometimes”)
What is an adjective?
An adjective is a word that describes or indicates a quality or judgement. (e.g. “Dirty,” “Large”)
What is a determiner?
A determiner is a word that modifies, describes or introduces a noun (e.g. “This,” “Your,” “Some,” “An,” as well as “One,” “Two,” “Some.”).
What is a preposition?
A preposition is a word that displays a relationship between nouns and other words in a sentence, whether when or where. (e.g. “The bird was over the cliff.”)
What is an interjection?
An interjection is a word that expresses a sudden/strong emotion or feeling. They can be swear words (e.g. “Hell”) and other signalling words (e.g. “No” and “Ouch”)
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases and clauses (a clause is a group of words that contains is a subject and a verb; e.g. “…when he ran away.”)
What are the two types of conjunctions?
The two types of conjunctions are:
- Coordinating Conjunctions – Connects elements of equal importance (e.g. ‘and’ in “I want this and that.” and ‘or’ in “You can sit with Emily or John.”)
- Subordinating Conjunctions - Connects a dependent clause (a clause that can’t be its own sentence) to an independent clause (a clause that can be its own sentence) (e.g. ‘before’ in “I was here before all of this stuff happened.” and ‘as long’ in “He did this as long as he could.”)
