Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organic Chemistry > Substitution and Elimination Facts > Flashcards

Substitution and Elimination Facts Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What happens during a substitution reaction?

A

The leaving group leaves and it is replaced by a nucleophile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the substrate?

A

The thing connected to the leaving group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the best substrates?

A

Ch3 > 1 > 2 > 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the leaving group?

A

The thing that leaves off of the substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes a good leaving group?

A

NEUTRAL atoms

  • leaving groups can leave by receiving the electrons from breaking the bond….. if they already have a lot of electrons and are (-), then they won’t want to break off
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the periodic trend for leaving groups?

A

Increases DOWN and to the RIGHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the nucleophile?

A

It is the thing that replaces the leaving group on the substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What makes a good nucleophile?

A

ANIONIC atoms

  • Nucleophiles are like bases, and strong bases have (-) charges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the solvent?

A

The thing being mixed with the reactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two different types of solvents?

A

Aprotic and protic solvents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define aprotic solvents

A

Solvents that can NOT H-bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define protic solvents

A

Solvents that CAN H-bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens in a SN2 reaction?

A
  • 1 step : The leaving group leaves and the nucleophile attacks from behind
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What to watch out for in SN2 reactions?

A

Stereochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define stereochemistry

A

cis and trans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When there is stereochemistry in a SN2 reactant, what happens to the product?

A

Inversion of stereochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define inversion of stereochemistry

A

cis -> trans

trans ->cis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SN2 Substrate

A

Ch3 > 1 > 2 > 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SN2 leaving group

A

Good leaving group

20
Q

SN2 nucleophile

A

Good nucleophile

ANIONIC

21
Q

SN2 solvent

A

aprotic

22
Q

What happens in an SN1 reaction?

A
  • 2 steps : the leaving group leaves then the nucleophile attacks
23
Q

What to watch out for in SN1 reactions

A

Carbocation rearrangement and stereochemistry

24
Q

What stabilizes carbocations?

A

ressonance

25
Q

What are the two ways to rearrange a carbocation?

A
  • Alkyl shifts

- Hydride shifts

26
Q

SN1 substrate

A

3 > 2 > 1 > Ch3

27
Q

SN1 leaving group

A

Good leaving group

28
Q

SN1 nucleophile

A

Weak nucleophile

NEUTRAL

29
Q

SN1 solvents

A

protic

30
Q

What happens during an elimination reaction?

A

A base (nucleophile) takes an H and the electrons from that broken bond form a double bond

31
Q

What are the two types of structures for an elimination reaction?

A

Cis and trans

32
Q

Cis = ?

A

Z

33
Q

Trans = ?

A

E

34
Q

What is a cis conformation?

A

The highest priority groups are on the same side

35
Q

What is a trans conformation?

A

The highest priority groups are on opposite sides

36
Q

What determines the highest priority group?

A

Atomic number

37
Q

What happens during an E2 reaction?

A

Leaving group leaves, base takes the H and a double bond is formed all at the same time

38
Q

E2 substrate

A

3 > 2 > 1 > CH3

39
Q

E2 leaving group

A

good leaving group

40
Q

E2 base

A

Good base

ANIONIC

41
Q

E2 solvent

A

aprotic

42
Q

What happens in an E1 reaction?

A

Leaving group leaves THEN base takes the H and a double bond is formed

43
Q

What to watch out for in E1 reactions

A

Carbocation rearrangement and stereochemistry

44
Q

E1 substrate

A

3 > 2 > 1 > Ch3

45
Q

E1 leaving group

A

good leaving group

46
Q

E1 base

A

weak base

Neutral

47
Q

E1 solvent

A

protic

Organic Chemistry (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions