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Organic Chemistry > Substitution and Elimination Facts > Flashcards

Substitution and Elimination Facts Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during a substitution reaction?

A

The leaving group leaves and it is replaced by a nucleophile

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2
Q

What is the substrate?

A

The thing connected to the leaving group

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3
Q

What are the best substrates?

A

Ch3 > 1 > 2 > 3

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4
Q

What is the leaving group?

A

The thing that leaves off of the substrate

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5
Q

What makes a good leaving group?

A

NEUTRAL atoms

  • leaving groups can leave by receiving the electrons from breaking the bond….. if they already have a lot of electrons and are (-), then they won’t want to break off
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6
Q

What is the periodic trend for leaving groups?

A

Increases DOWN and to the RIGHT

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7
Q

What is the nucleophile?

A

It is the thing that replaces the leaving group on the substrate

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8
Q

What makes a good nucleophile?

A

ANIONIC atoms

  • Nucleophiles are like bases, and strong bases have (-) charges
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9
Q

What is the solvent?

A

The thing being mixed with the reactants

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10
Q

What are the two different types of solvents?

A

Aprotic and protic solvents

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11
Q

Define aprotic solvents

A

Solvents that can NOT H-bond

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12
Q

Define protic solvents

A

Solvents that CAN H-bond

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13
Q

What happens in a SN2 reaction?

A
  • 1 step : The leaving group leaves and the nucleophile attacks from behind
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14
Q

What to watch out for in SN2 reactions?

A

Stereochemistry

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15
Q

Define stereochemistry

A

cis and trans

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16
Q

When there is stereochemistry in a SN2 reactant, what happens to the product?

A

Inversion of stereochemistry

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17
Q

Define inversion of stereochemistry

A

cis -> trans

trans ->cis

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18
Q

SN2 Substrate

A

Ch3 > 1 > 2 > 3

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19
Q

SN2 leaving group

A

Good leaving group

20
Q

SN2 nucleophile

A

Good nucleophile

ANIONIC

21
Q

SN2 solvent

22
Q

What happens in an SN1 reaction?

A
  • 2 steps : the leaving group leaves then the nucleophile attacks
23
Q

What to watch out for in SN1 reactions

A

Carbocation rearrangement and stereochemistry

24
Q

What stabilizes carbocations?

A

ressonance

25
What are the two ways to rearrange a carbocation?
- Alkyl shifts | - Hydride shifts
26
SN1 substrate
3 > 2 > 1 > Ch3
27
SN1 leaving group
Good leaving group
28
SN1 nucleophile
Weak nucleophile NEUTRAL
29
SN1 solvents
protic
30
What happens during an elimination reaction?
A base (nucleophile) takes an H and the electrons from that broken bond form a double bond
31
What are the two types of structures for an elimination reaction?
Cis and trans
32
Cis = ?
Z
33
Trans = ?
E
34
What is a cis conformation?
The highest priority groups are on the same side
35
What is a trans conformation?
The highest priority groups are on opposite sides
36
What determines the highest priority group?
Atomic number
37
What happens during an E2 reaction?
Leaving group leaves, base takes the H and a double bond is formed all at the same time
38
E2 substrate
3 > 2 > 1 > CH3
39
E2 leaving group
good leaving group
40
E2 base
Good base ANIONIC
41
E2 solvent
aprotic
42
What happens in an E1 reaction?
Leaving group leaves THEN base takes the H and a double bond is formed
43
What to watch out for in E1 reactions
Carbocation rearrangement and stereochemistry
44
E1 substrate
3 > 2 > 1 > Ch3
45
E1 leaving group
good leaving group
46
E1 base
weak base Neutral
47
E1 solvent
protic

Organic Chemistry (8 decks)

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