Substances found in living cells Flashcards
what are organic compounds?
chemical substances that are synthesised by living things
what are organic compunds composed of mainly?
hydrogen and carbon
most organic compounds are very large molecules termed ____ or ____
macromolecules or polymers
macromolecules are built up from smaller molecules called ____
monomers
what are 4 main examples of organic compounds?
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
- nucleic acids
what are carbs composed of?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
what are monosaccharides? examples?
simple sugars consisting of single units
glucose, fructose, lactose
what are disaccharides? examples?
complex sugars consisting of two units
maltose, galactose, sucrose
what are polysaccharides?
examples?
complex polymers consisting of more than 5-> 100s of units
starch, cellulose
what is the main function of carbs?
quick energy in plants and animals
mitochondria use sugars to produce ATP for energy and function
what is used to indicate the positive test for carbs- glucose? what does it do?
benedict’s reagent+heat
turns ORANGE
what is used to indicate the positive test for carbs- sucrose? what does it do?
hydrochloric acid+ benedict’s reagent+ heat
turns YELLOW/ GREEN
what is used to indicate the positive test for carbs- starch? what does it do?
iodine
turns DARK BLUE/ PURPLE
what are lipids composed of?
carbon+hydrogen plus few oxygens
what is the consistency of lipids?
oily, greasy and waxy
are lipids soluble in water?
no
lipids are either ___ or ___
fats or oils
fats are ___ at room temp and are ___ products
solid, animal
oils are ___ at room temp and are ___ products
liquid, plant
lipids ___ large quantities of energy in the ____ both plant and animal cells
store, cytoplasm
what are proteins composed of?
these form ____, ___ macromolecules
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
large, complex
each chain of nitrogen in proteins are called ___ held by ___ bonds
polypeptides, peptide
the ___ and ____ of amino acids determine the type of protein
shape and arrangement
what do proteins do in cells? add specifically 3 examples for structure
form structural components in cells
- cytoskeleton of cells,
- bones, tissue, hair
- important part of cell membrane to regulate passage of substances
some proteins e.g ____ have a functional role in cells to ____ up rate of reaction in cells
enzymes, speed
what is nucleic acid composed of?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
what does nucleic acid do in cells?
genetic code (RNA or DNA)
immediate energy (ATP)
