Cell Organelles Flashcards
cells vary in:
size, shape, composition, function and mobility
what is a unicellular organism?
single celled organism that carries out all the process itself to support life
what is a multicellular organism?
two or more celled organism carry out a specialised role and rely on other cells working together to provide needs and remove waste
cells are classified as either …
prokaryotic or eukaryotic
how do you distinguish pro/eukaryotic cells
size and structure
What are prokaryotic cells?
single celled microorganisms
examples of prokaryotic cells?
archaea and bacteria
prokaryotic cells consists of a single membrane and all reactions occur within the cytoplasm
(true or false)
true
prokaryotes can be free living or parasites and lack membrane bound structures
true/false
true
how large are prokaryotes?
small, simple cells
0.1-5 nanometers in diameter
what is a nucleiod?
central region that contains DNA
ribosome?
non-membrane bound
close association with ER or are free in the cytoplasm
responsible for protein synthesis
electron microscope
cell wall?
structure and protection from outside environment
cell membrane/plasma membrane?
functions selectively
separates cell from outside environment and control what enters and leaves the cell
present in both plant and animal cells
light+ electron microscope
capsule?
layer of carbs that surrounds cell wall to help it attach to surfaces
fimbriae?
thin hair like structures that help with cellular attachment
pili?
rod shaped structures that help with DNA attachment and DNA transfer
flagella?
(larger) tail-like structure that assists in movement
light and electron microscopes
nucleus?
largest organelle w/ double membrane bound porous membrane between nucleus and cytoplasm
stores the genetic information in membrane bound structure
carries essential structures called chromosomes
light+electron microscopes
mitochondrian?
responsible for energy production and produce energy rich molecules for the cell
double membrane bound+ found in cytoplasm in almost all eukaryotic cells (number of them varies per function of cell)
electron microscope
sites of aerobic respiration and produces energy in form ATP + helps in the transformation of molecules
endoplasmic reticulum?
network of membranous canals filled with fluid that is the transport system of materials throughout the cell
can be rough or smooth:
- rough: protein manufacture
- smooth: storage organelle and detoxifies the cell
vesicuoles and vacuoles?
fluid dilled membrane bound sacks involved with transportation and storage of food/nutrients and waste
plants have larger vacuoles and different number of vacuoles to animal cells
large vacuoles seen in both L+E microscopes
small vacuoles seen in only electron microscope
what are eukaryotic organisms?
single or multicellular organisms
eukaryotic cells don’t have a membrane bound nucleus and don’t form large and complex organisms
true or false
false
examples of eukaryotic cells include protozoa, fungi, plants and animals
true or false
true
how can eukaryotes maintaining different environments in a single cell be useful?
it allows them to carry out various metabolic reactions and grow larger than prokaryotes
how large are eukaryotes?
large and complex cells
10-100 nanometers
cytoplasm?
jelly like substance that all cell organelles are suspended in
composed of water and organic and inorganic compounds
plant and animal cells
golgi apparatus?
membrane bound and found in cytoplasm
transporting, modifying, packaging proteins and lipids to targeted destinations in cell
plant+animal cells
only electron microscope
chloroplast?
double membrane bound and present in mesophyll cells of leaves in PLANT cells
green in colour due to presence of chlorophyll (tracks wavelength of light for photosynthesis)
light+electron microscope
lysosomes?
single membrane bound
digestive enzymes to help remove waste and digest dead damaged cells
electron microscope
cilia?
hair-like structures outside the cell wall that work like oars to move the cell or extracellular fluid
electron and light microscope
