Substances: classification, signs of use, effects Flashcards
Alcohol
CNS depression, slowed rxn time, respiratory depression, lowered heart rate, impaired coordination and vision
Caffeine
CNS stimulant, constricted peripheral blood vessels, dilated pupils, increased temperature, heart rate and BP.
Cocaine/crack
CNS stimulant, constricted peripheral blood vessels, dilated pupils, increased temperature, heart rate and BP.
High lasts 15-30 (snorting), 5-10 (smoking)
Methamphetamine
High potential for abuse and dependence. CNS stimulant, release high levels of dopamine. Increase wakefulness, physical activity, respiration, HR, BP, body temp. Decrease appetite, sleep. Confusion, irritability, anxiety, paranoia, aggressiveness
Bath salts (cathenones)
CNS stimulant, dilated pupils, increased BP, HR, temperature. Sleep disruption, psychosis. Paranoia, excitement, delirium, increased sex drive
Ecstasy/MDMA
Hallucinogenic, amphetamine-like properties. Muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, rapid eye movement, faintness, chills, sweating, increased HR, BP.
Heroin
CNS depressant, flushed skin, dry mouth, heavy extremities, “nodding”, vascular infections, abscesses
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
Hallucinogen, non-addictive. Dilated pupils, increased body temp., HR, BP, sweating. Loss of appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth, tremors. Altered sense of time, synesthesia.
Marijuana
Loss of coordination, increased heart rate, anxiety, panic, distorted perceptions, difficulty thinking and problem solving
Oxycontin
Opioid, oxycodone. Upset stomach, constipation, dry mouth
Opiates vs. Opioids
Opiates: opioids that are naturally derived from opium like heroin or morphine
Opioid: broad term from all natural, synthetic, and semisynthetic compounds that interact with opioid receptors
PCP (phencyclidine)
Dissociative anesthetic, Numbness of the extremities, slurred speech, and loss of coordination, sense of strength and invulnerability, blank stare, rapid and involuntary eye movements.
Auditory hallucinations, image distortion, severe mood disorders, and amnesia may occur.
Acute anxiety and a feeling of impending doom, paranoia, violent hostility, a psychoses indistinguishable from schizophrenia.
Rohypnol & GHB
Rohypnol: sedative-hypnotic; muscle relaxation, amnesia. Date rape drug
GHB: sedative, anabolic effects. Loss of consciousness, coma, seizures. Associated with sexual assaults.
Inhalants
Solvents, gases, nitrates. Effects similar to anesthetics, decreased inhibition, loss of control, loss of consciousness. Can produce irreversible hearing loss, peripheral neuropathies, brain damage.
Nicotine
CNS stimulant & depressant. Initial increase ephinephrine followed by depression.
