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psych FA shelf > substance-related and addictive disorders > Flashcards

substance-related and addictive disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

true or false:

it is possible to have a substance use disorder without having physiological dependence

A

true

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2
Q

substance-induced mood sxs improve during abstinence while in primary mood sxs it

A

persists

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3
Q

alcohol is sedating but alcohol withdrawal results in

A

brain excitation and seizures

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4
Q

urine drug test positivity:

cocaine

A

2-4 days

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5
Q

urine drug test positivity:

Amphetamines

A

1-3 days

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6
Q

urine drug test positivity:

phencyclidine

A

4-7 days

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7
Q

urine drug test positivity:

short vs long acting benzo

A

short- up to 5 days

long- up to 30 days

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8
Q

urine drug test positivity:

short vs long acting barbitutates

A

short- 24 hr

long- 3 weeks

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9
Q

urine drug test positivity:

opioids

A

1-3 days

*** methadone and oxycodone will come up negative on a general screen– you have to use a seperate panel

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10
Q

urine drug test positivity:

marijuana

A

single use- 3 days… heavy user- up to 4 weeks

** THC is released from adipose stores

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11
Q

alcohol activates _____, _______ and _______ in the CNS and inhibits ______ and __________

A

alcohol activates GABA, dopamine and serotonin in the CNS and inhibits glutamate receptor activity and voltage-gated calcium channels

** alcohol us a potent CNS depressant

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12
Q

Alcohol intoxication:

BAL= 20-50

A

decreased fine motor control

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13
Q

Alcohol intoxication:

BAL= 50-100

A

impaired judgment and coordination

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14
Q

Alcohol intoxication:

BAL= 100-150

A

ataxic gait and poor balance

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15
Q

Alcohol intoxication:

BAL= 150-250

A

lethargy, difficulty sitting upright, difficulty with memory, N/V

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16
Q

Alcohol intoxication:

BAL= 300

A

coma in the novice drinker

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17
Q

Alcohol intoxication:

BAL= 400

A

respiratory depression, death

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18
Q

seizures in delirium tremens treated with

A

Benzo

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19
Q

confabulations, or inventing stories of events that never occurred are often associated with _____________ or alcohol induced neurocognitive disorder. patients are unaware that they are making these up

A

korsakoff’s psychosis

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20
Q

cocaine blocks the reuptake of _______________, __________ and __________ from the synaptic cleft, causing a stimulant effect.___________ plays a role in the behavioral reinforcement “reward” system of the brain

A

cocaine blocks the reuptake of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft, causing a stimulant effect.___________ plays a role in the behavioral reinforcement “reward” system of the brain

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21
Q

intoxication with cocaine results in :

  1. general
  2. dangerous
  3. deadly
A
  1. general- euphoria, heightened self-esteem, increased/decreased blood pressure, tachy/brady-cardia, nausea, dilated pupils, weight loss
  2. dangerous- respiratory depression, seizures, arrhytmias and tactile hallucinations
  3. deadly- vasoconstrictive that can lead to MI and stroke
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22
Q

Post-intoxication cocaine

A

“crash”- malaise, fatigue, depression, anhedonia, constricted pupils, vivid dreams

23
Q

amphetamines block reuptake and facilitate release of ______________ and ____________ from nerve endings, causing a stimulant effect

A

amphetamines block reuptake and facilitate release of dopamine and norepinephrine from nerve endings, causing a stimulant effect

24
Q

remember, the sxs of amphetamine abuse are (7)

A

euphoria, dilated pupils, increased libido, tachycardia, perspiration, grinding teeth, chest pain

25
Q

chronic amphetamine use causes accelerated

A

tooth decay

26
Q

amphetamine use is associated with ___ tolerance but can also lead to ______

A

amphetamine use is associated with increased tolerance but can also lead to seizures

27
Q

________________ can produce tachycardia, tachypnea, hallucinations and amnesia

A

Ketamine “special K”

28
Q

_____ or “angle dust” is a dissociative, hallucinogenic drug that antagonizes NDMA glutamate receptors and activates dopaminergic neurons. It can have stimulant or CND depressant effects, depending on the dose takne

A

Phencyclidine PCP

29
Q

rotatory nystagmus is stronlgy suggestive for

A

PCP intoxication

30
Q

PCP intoxication sxs

A

RED DANES

  • rage
  • erythema
  • dilated pupils
  • delusions
  • amnesia
  • nystagmus
  • excitation
  • skin dryness
31
Q

withdrawal with PCP?

A

no withdrawal sxs, but “flashbacks” may occur

***recurrence of intoxication sxs due to release of the drug from body lipid stores

32
Q

more than with other drugs, intoxication w. _____ results in violence

A

PCP

33
Q

tactile and visual hallucination are found in both ________________ and _________ intoxication

A

tactile and visual hallucination are found in both cocaine and PCP intoxication

34
Q

is a dose specific CNS depressant that produces confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, memory loss, respiratory distress, and coma.

A

GHB- gamma-hydroxybutyrate “date rape drug”

35
Q

of all the drug withdrawals which one has the highest mortality rate?

A

barbituates

36
Q

flumazenil

A

short acting BDZ antagonist

37
Q

treatment for barnituates overdose

A

alkalanize urine w/ sodium bicarbonate to promote renal excretion

38
Q

in general withdrawal from drugs that are sedating/stimulants? is life threatening while withdrawal from sedating/stimulants ? is not

A

in general withdrawal from drugs that are sedating is life threatening while withdrawal from stimulants is not

39
Q

_____________ is the exception to opioids producing miosis.

A

meperidine

  • Demerol dilates pupils
40
Q

Classic triad of opioide overdose

A

Rebels Admire Morphine

  • respiratory depression
  • altered mental status
  • miosis
41
Q

opioid intoxication causes constricted or dilated pupils?

A

constricted

42
Q

______________ is the treatment of choice for opiate overdose

A

naloxone

43
Q

withdrawal from opioids is or is not life-threatening

A

not!

  • causes severe sxs
44
Q

Pharm. treatment of opioid use disorder:

long acting opioid receptor agonist

A

methadone

45
Q

Pharm. treatment of opioid use disorder:

partial opioid receptor agonist

A

Buprenorphine

46
Q

Pharm. treatment of opioid use disorder:

competitive opioid antagonist, precipitates withdrawal if used within 7 days of heroin use

A

naltrexone

47
Q

withdrawal sxs:

anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, fever, rhinorrhea, piloerection

A

opiates

48
Q

psilocybin

A

mushrooms

49
Q

mescaline

A

peyote cactus

50
Q

LSD flashbacks is a recurrence of sxs mimicking prior LSD trip

occurs and lasts?

A

occurs spontaneously and lasts minutes to hours

51
Q

Dronabinol

A

pill form of THC– FDA approved

52
Q

it acts as an adenosine antagonist, causing increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate and stimulating the release of excitatory ntt

A

caffeine

53
Q

a4b2 nicotinic cholinergic receptor partial agonist that mimics the action of nicotine, reduicng the rewarding aspects and preventing withdrawal sxs

A

varenicline–chantix

54
Q

antidepressant that is an inhibitor of dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake; helps reduce craving and withdrawal sxs

A

Bupropion– Zyban

psych FA shelf (17 decks)

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