Psychiatric disorders in children

Question 1

utilizes the child’s symbolic play, storytelling, or drawing as a forum for expression of emotions and experiences

Answer 1

Play therapy

Question 2

quantively assesses a child’s strenghts and weakness by examination of cognitive profile: intelligence quotient (IQ); language and visual-motor skills; memory, attention and organizational abilities

Answer 2

formal neuropsychological testin

Question 3

inteligence test comparing intellecctual capacity with acquired knowledge of patients between 2 and 12 yearss olf

Answer 3

Kaufman assessment battery for children (K-ABC)

Question 4

Assesse verbal, performance and full scale IQ of patients between 6 and 16 years olf

Answer 4

Wechsler intelligence scale for children-revised (WISC-R)

Question 5

is characterized by severly impaired cognitive and adaptive/social functioning

Answer 5

intellectual disability

Question 6

diagnosis of DSM-5 criteria for intelectual disability

Answer 6

1. deficits in intellectual functioning
2. deficits in adaptive functioning
3. at least 2 standard deviations below the population mean

Question 7

TORCH

Answer 7

• toxoplasmosis
• other (syphillis, AIDS, alcohol/illicit drugs)
• Rubella
• CMV
• Herpes simplex

Question 8

epicanthic folds, flat nasal bridge and palmar crease

Answer 8

down syndrome

Question 9

macrocephaly, joint hyperlaxity and macroorchidism in postpubertal males

Answer 9

fragile x syndrome

Question 10

obese, small stature and almond shaped eyes

Answer 10

prader-willi syndrome

Question 11

most common inherited form of ID, 2nd most common cause of ID

Answer 11

fragile x syndroem

Question 12

causes of mental retardation:

anoxia, prematurity, birth trauma, meningitis, hyperbilirubinemia

Answer 12

perinatal

Question 13

causes of mental retardation:

hypothyroidism, malnutrition, toxin exposures, trauma and psychosocial

Answer 13

postnatal

Question 14

most common choromosomal cause of mental retardation

Answer 14

Down

Question 15

leading preventable cause of birth defects and ID

Answer 15

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 16

failure to meet expeccted developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning– diagnosis reserved for patietns <5 years old when severity level cannot be reliably assessed via standarized testing

Answer 16

Global Developmental Delay

Question 17

characterized bt delayed cognitive development in a particular academis domain (frequently occurs w. ADHD) – below expected for the chornological age

Answer 17

Specigic learning disorder

Question 18

encompass impaired speech, language or social communications that are below expected for chronological age

Answer 18

communication disorders

Question 19

challenges with the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication

Answer 19

social (pragmatic) communication disorder

Question 20

if restricted/repetitive behaviors, activities or interests also present with social (pragmatic) communication disorder diagnose

Answer 20

autism spectrum disorder

Question 21

dysfluency and speech motor production issues.

Answer 21

childhoof onset fluency suttering

** increased risk of stuttering in first degree relatives of affected individuals

Question 22

difficulty producing srticulate, intelligable speech

Answer 22

speech sound disorder

Question 23

difficulty acquiring and using language due to expressive and/or receptive impairment

Answer 23

language disorder

*** increased risk in families of affected individuals

Question 24

persistent inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity insonsistent with the patients developmental stage

Answer 24

ADHD

Question 25

ADHD DSM-5

Answer 25

1. 2 sxs domains: inattentiveness and hyperactivity
2. 6 inattentive sxs
   and/or 6 hyperactivity sxs

Question 26

ADHD has a high incidence of comorbid (3)

Answer 26

1. oppositional defiant disorder
2. conduct disorder
3. specific learning disorder

Question 27

firsr line therapy for ADHD

Answer 27

stimulants– methylphenidate

**second line is atomoxetine

Question 28

atomoxetine

Answer 28

norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Question 29

guanfacine

Answer 29

alpha-2 agonist can also be used in ADHD

Question 30

red flag for ASD

Answer 30

rapid deterioration of social and/or language skills during first 2 years of life

Question 31

nonverbal ASD pt. presents with new onset aggression or self-injurious behavior

Answer 31

assess for a potential cause of pain

Question 32

ASD: advanced paternal or maternal age?

Answer 32

paternal

Question 33

multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic lasting for at least 1 year

Answer 33

Tourette’s disorder

Question 34

utterance of obsence, taboo words as an abrupt, sharp bark or grunt

Answer 34

coprolalia

Question 35

repeating other’s words

Answer 35

Echolalia

Question 36

Tic disorders are one fo the few psychiatric disorders in which diagnostic criteria do not require sxs to cause significant distress

Answer 36

yep

Question 37

course and prognis and treatment for Tourettes

Answer 37

sxs tend to decrease in adolescence and significantly diminish in adluthood

• treatment– psychoeducation and habit reversal therapy

Question 38

single or multiple motor or vocal tics that have never met criteria for Tourette’s

Answer 38

persistent motor or vocal tic disorder

Question 39

single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics <1 year that have never met criteria for tourettes’s

Answer 39

provisional tic disorder

Question 40

if a child had no difficulties getting along with peers but will not comply with rules from parents or teachers, cosnider the diagnosis of

Answer 40

oppositional defiant disorder

Question 41

unlike _________ disorder, ODD does not involve physical aggression or voluntary aggression or violating other’s basic rights

Answer 41

conduct disorder

Question 42

treatment for ODD

Answer 42

behavior modification

Question 43

developmentally inappropriate elimination of urine or feces

Answer 43

elimination disorders

Question 44

age to diagnose elimination disorder according to DSM-5

Answer 44

more than 5

Question 45

the majority of enuresis cases spontaneouslt remit, 5-10% by adolsence

Answer 45

yep

Question 46

developmentally inappropriate sexual knowledge should raise suspicion of

Answer 46

sexual abuse

Question 47

most common drug of abuse by adolsencents followed by

Answer 47

1. alcohol

2. cannabis