Substance Misuse

Question 0

Aetiology

Answer 0

Dopamine receptor subtype (DRD2) reward system

Question 1

Substance use disorder

Answer 1

1) impaired control: taking more or for longer than intended, unsuccessful effort to stop or cut down, spending great deal of time obtaining, using, craving for substance
2) social impairment: failure to fulfil major obligations due to use, continued use despite problem caused or exacerbated by use, important activity given up or reduced because of substance use
3) risky use: recurrent use in hazardous situation, continued use despite physical or psychological problem,
4) pharmacological dependence: tolerance to effects of the substance, withdrawal symptoms when not using

Question 2

Heroin

Answer 2

Intoxication: Sedation, euphoria, pinpoint pupils, unconscious , shallow respiration,

Can be snorted, injected, smoked

Withdrawal: anxiety, craving, restlessness, yawning, nausea, sweating,aches and muscle pain, diarrhoea

Question 3

Methadone and buprenorphine

Answer 3

Methadone- synthetic opioid

Question 4

Dual diagnosis

Answer 4

30-50% of patients with psychotic illness have substance use disorder

Over 30% of those with substance disorder have psychiatric disorder

Question 5

Cannabis

Hashisi

Answer 5

Euphoria, relaxation, showed reaction time, distorted sensory perception, impaired balance and coordination, increased heart rate and appetite, impaired learning, memory

Risk of cough, frequent respiratory infection, possible mental health decline, addiction

Question 6

Hallucinogen

Answer 6

LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, Magic mushroom

Altered state of perception and feeling, hallucination, nausea, increased autonomic activity

For LSD-flashbacks, hallucinogen, persisting perception disorder

Question 7

Opioid

Answer 7

Heroin
Opium

Euphoria, sedation, slow breathing

Risk of constipation, endocarditis, hepatitis, HiV, addiction

Question 8

Dissociative drugs

Answer 8

Ketamine/ PCP and analogues

Feeling of being separate from ones body, impaired motor function, analgesia

Risk of anxiety, tremors, numbness, memory loss, nausea

Question 9

Stimulant

Answer 9

Cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine

Stimulant physically (energy, tremor) and mentally (alert, exhilarated), psychologically anxious, irritable

Risk of weight loss, insomnia, cardiac or cardiovascular complication, stroke, seizure, addiction

Question 10

Club drug

Answer 10

MDMA

Mild hallucination , increased tactile sensitivity, lowered inhibition, anxiety sweating, muscle cramping, tech clenching

Risk of sleep disturbance, depression, impaired memory, hyperthermia

Question 11

Nicotine

Answer 11

Increased blood pressure and heart rate

Risk of chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer of mouth, adverse pregnancy outcome

Question 12

Alcohol

Answer 12

Euphoria , mild stimulation, relaxation, lower inhibition,

Drowsiness, impaired memory, sexual dysfunction, unconscious

Risk of injury, violence, fetal damage, depression , neurologic deficits, liver and heart disease, addiction

Question 13

Alcohol misuse definition

Answer 13

Hazardous: drink over recommended limit

Harmful: experienced health problem

Dependent: withdrawal symptoms