Enlarged pupils Agitation Irritability Psychosis

Panic Dysphoria Depression Dehydration Raised temp DIC

Substance misuse (2) Flashcards by Roksana Świderska

Informal name for amphetamine

Speed

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Desired effect of amphetamine

Energy
Talkative

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SEs of amphetamines

Enlarged pupils
Agitation
Irritability
Psychosis

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MoA of amphetamines

Increased levels of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline at the synaptic cleft

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Pharmacological interventions used to manage amphetamines abuse

No specific pharmacological intervention
Give benzodiazepine in cases of severe agitation / bad withdrawal

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Another name for methamphetamines

crystal meth

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Desired effects of methamphetamines use

Alert
Confident
Disinhibition (treatment of ADHD)

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SEs of methamphetamine use

“Meth mouth” ulcers
tooth loss
bruxism (grinding of teeth during sleep)

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MoA of methamphetamines

similar to amphetamine
induces release of monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline) from nerve ending

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Pharmacological interventions for methamphetamines abuse

No specific pharmacological intervention
give benzodiazepine’s in cases of severe agitation / bad withdrawal

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Example of MDMA

Ecstasy

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Desired effects of MDMA

MDMA = ecstasy

Energy
Wellbeing
Love
Hyperaesthesias

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SEs of ecstasy

Panic
Dysphoria
Depression
Dehydration
Raised temp
DIC

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MoA of MDMA (ecstasy)

Inhibits monoamine reuptake transporters
effect thought to be due to increase of serotonin at synaptic cleft
also affects of dopamine and noradrenaline at the synaptic cleft

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Pharmacological management of Ecstasy abuse

No specific pharmacological intervention
give benzodiazepines in cases of severe agitation / bad withdrawal

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Desired effect of cocaine use

alert
disinhibited
confident

SEs of cocaine use

Depression
Fatigue
Dysphoria
Paranoia

MoA of cocaine

Inhibits monoamine reuptake transporters → leading to increased levels of dopamine, noradrenaline & serotonin at the synaptic cleft

Pharmacological management of cocaine abuse

No specific pharmacological intervention, give benzodiazepines in cases of severe agitation / bad withdrawal

LSD

class
MoA

LSD

class: hallucinogen
MoA: agonist to most serotonin receptors (not 5-HT4 or 5-HT4)

Desired effects of LSD use

Hallucinations
Time distortion

SEs of LSD use

Anxiety and depression
‘Bad trips’
‘Flashbacks’

Pharmacological intervention for LSD use

No specific pharmacological intervention

Another name for psilocybin

magic mushroom

Desired effects of ***Psilocybin***

Psilocybin = magic mushrooms * Intense emotions/sensations * Giggles * Spiritual experiences * Hallucinations

SEs of Psilocybin

Psilocybin = magic mushrooms * Extreme hallucinations * Psychosis, * Paranoia, * Tremors * ‘Bad trips’ or ‘flashbacks’

MoA of psilocybin (magic mushrooms)

5HT-2a agonist

Pharmacological interventions for psilocybin abuse

psilocybin = magic mushrooms No specific pharmacological intervention

Desired effects of cannabis use

* THC = Subjective feeling of “high”. * Cannibidinol = ANALGESIA!

SEs of cannabis use

* Paranoia * Psychosis * Distorted time * Xerostomia * tachycardia * Respiratory tract infections * Schizophrenia association * Lung cancer risk if smoked

MoA of Cannabis

* THC is active component * Cannabinoid receptors (CB-1, CB-2) agonist * Affects dopamine and norepinephrine and glycine receptors * Impacts mood and cognition

Pharmacological intervention for cannabis abuse

No specific pharmacological intervention