Substance Misuse Flashcards
Name 8 commonly misused opioids
Heroin
Codeine phosphate
Hydrocodone
Hydromorphone
Meperidine HCL
Morphine
Fentanyl
Oxycodone
Name 4 commonly misused stimulants
Racemic amphetamine
Dextroamphetamine
Methamphetamine
Cocaine
Name 3 commonly misused depressants
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
Marijuana
What is methadone?
Used to treat opioid dependence.
The goal is to reduce the pts dosage gradually.
Heroin is part of the ______ most misused drugs in Canada
10
What is the peak period and duration of opioid drug withdrawal?
P: 1 - 3 days
D: 5 - 7 days
What are the signs and symptoms of opioid drug withdrawal ?
Signs: Drug seeking, mydriasis, diaphoresis, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia, elevated BP and pulse
Symptoms: Intense desire for drug, muscle cramps, arthralgia, anxiety, nausea and malaise
What do stimulants do
Elevate the mood
Reduce fatigue
Increasing alertness
Invigorated aggressiveness
What is the peak period and duration of short acting CNS depressants?
P: 2 to 4 days
D: 4 to 7 days
What is the peak period and duration of long acting CNS depressants?
P: 4 to 7 days
D: 7 to 12 days
What is the treatment for withdrawal regarding CNS depressants?
Treatment involves tapering of the drug over the course of 7 to 10 days or 10 to 14 days
How does alcohol cause CNS depression?
Dissolving lipid membranes in the CNS
What is a systemic use of ethanol (alcohol)?
Treatment of methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol intoxication (e.g., from drinking automotive antifreeze solution)
What are the effects of chronic ethanol ingestion?
Nutritional and vitamin deficiencies ( B vitamins)
Seizures
Alcoholic hepatitis
Cardiomyopathy
What are the characteristics of FASD (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder)?
Craniofacial abnormalities
CNS dysfunction
Prenatal and postnatal growth retardation
What are the signs and symptoms of ethanol withdrawal?
Elevated BP, pulse rate, and temperature
Insomnia
Tremors
Agitation
What is the treatment of choice for ethanol withdrawal?
Benzodiazepines
What are the drug effects of nicotine?
CNS and respiratory stimulation followed by CNS depression
Increased HR and BP
Increased bowel activity
What are the signs and symptoms of nicotine withdrawal?
Manifested by cigarette cravings
Irritability, restlessness, decreased HR and BP
Symptoms resolve in 3 to 4 weeks
What are treatments for nicotine withdrawal?
Treatments provide nicotine without carcinogens
Nicotine transdermal patch
Nicotine gum
Inhalers
Nasal sprays
How does varenicline tartrate treat nicotine withdrawal?
It stimulates nicotine receptors
What are the most dangerous substances in terms of withdrawal?
CNS depressants such as barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and alcohol
