Substance Disorders Flashcards
substance intoxication
a temporary state of poor judgment, mood changes irritability, slurred speech, and poor coordination
Intoxication
Experience of significant maladaptive behavioural and psychological symptoms due to the effect of a substance on the central nervous system
Withdrawal
Experience of clinical significant distress in
social, occupational, or other areas of functioning due to the cessation or reduction of
substance use
Tolerance
With repeated use of a substance more of it is required to obtain the same effect
Substance abuse
a pattern of behavior in which a person relies
on a drug excessively and chronically, damaging relationships, affecting work functioning, and/or putting self or others in danger
Substance dependence/addiction
a more advanced pattern of use in which a person abuses a drug and centre’s his or her life around it
Though legal, alcohol is one of the most
dangerous recreational drugs
Alcohol effect on GABA
stimulates GABA activity, leads to reduction in stress and anxiety; memory disturbances; coordination problems (slurred speech, stumbling
Leading cause of intellectual disability
heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Delirium Tremens
frightening hallucinations and body tremors
Stimulants
increase alertness and increase energy
- Examples include amphetamines, cocaine,
nicotine, and caffeine
Opiate
natural chemicals in opium poppy having a narcotic effect (sleep inducing, pain-relieving)
most common method of use
Injection
reward-deficiency syndrome
Their reward center is not
readily activated by “normal”
life events so they turn to
drugs to stimulate this
pleasure pathway,
particularly in times of stress
operant conditioning & substance
abuse
They argue that the temporary reduction of tension produced by a drug has a rewarding effect
rewards eventually produce an expectancy that substances will be rewarding
What Causes Substance-Related Disorders
a COMBINATION of factors
Common liabilities model
Common liabilities may account for the high comorbidity between substance use disorders and impulse-control disorders
Motivational enhancement therapy
increase motivation to change behaviour
Antagonist drugs
antagonist drugs block or change the effects of the addictive substance
Detoxification
Detoxification programs seem to help motivated people withdraw from drugs
- For people who fail to receive psychotherapy
after withdrawal, however, relapse rates tend
to be high
Gambling disorder
- Lifetime estimate of approximately 2%
Americans - Job loss, bankruptcy, arrests
- Similar to substance use disorders
- Tolerance and withdrawal
- People with gambling disorder: in denial,
impulsive, continually optimistic - Internet gambling disorder
