substance abuse Flashcards
definition of addiction
chronic, primary, neurobiological condition influenced by genetic psychosocial and environmental factors
what effect does recreational drug use have on neurotransmitters in the body
increased dopamine levels - euphoria
decreased serotonin levels - decreased levels of contentment
name 3 ways drugs can be classified
behavioural effects - stimulants, sedatives, opioids
pharmacodynamics
legal
name 3 effects of cannabis
euphoria
confusion
slow thinking and reaction time
impaired balance and co ordination
panic attacks
3 signs of addiction in a colleage
sloppy note taking
loss of reliability
mood changes
drug shortages
worsening personal and professional isolation
barriers to dental care for substance misuse patients
- chaotic lifestyle
- dental health low priority compared to drug use
- needle phobia
- worried about negative perception
what drug users may have increased tolerance to LA
opioid drug users
why should LA with adrenaline be avoided in patients who smoke cannabis
risk of prolonged tachycardia
name 4 general dental implications of substance abuse
rampant caries affecting all surfaces
NCTSL - erosion and attrition
opportunistic infections
masseteric hypertrophy (bruxism)
poor OH and dental hygiene
disulfiram (antabuse)
who takes it and what cautions accompany it
taken by many recovering alcoholics
reported psychotic reactions when given with metronidazole - avoid
(inhibits metabolism of benzodiazepines and results in increased sedative effects if used together - avoid?)
what LA should be used in alcoholics if no other contraindications and why
articaine - not fully metabolised in liver
implications of liver cirrhosis on dental treatment
impaired drug metabolism
increased bleeding risk (clotting factors made in liver)
implications of bone marrow suppression
anaemia
thrombocytopenia
dental advice for methadone users
methadone very high in sugar.
- use a straw
- drink water after consumption
- dont brush teeth immediately after
why should LA containing adrenaline be avoided in patients on cocaine, ecstasy, meth
risk of systemic increase in blood pressure
