Subphylum Trilobita , Subphylum Chelicerata Flashcards
What does Thomas Eisner said about arthropods?
Arthropods (Bugs) are not going to inherit earth ๐, they own it now.
So we might as well make piece with landlord.
Phylum Arthropods?
Is the largest phylum.
Clade panarthropoda?
Pan = all over.
Another name for this clade is Clade Ecdysozoa, (they undergo ecdysis), and shed their exoskeleton, nematodes also shed their cuticle.
This clade contains arthropoda, and two allied phylum
Onychophora and Tardigrada.
Phylum arthropods?
Arthr = Joint
Pod = Foot ๐ฆถ
Arthropods are what?
They are polyphyletic , 1100000 species.
They are eucoelomate and protostomes with homocoel.
Homocoel mean?
Blood that is percolating in coelomic area.
Are arthropods segmented?
Yes, they are segmented from head, thorax and abdomen, appendages and antenna.
What another structure arthropods have?
They have Tagmata.
What is tagmata?
Tagmata is fused body parts such as, (head and thorax) together called = cephalothorax.
Explain the segments of arthropods?
They have the following segmentations,
Targa:- dorsal plates on the back of the animal ๐ฆ .
Sternum :- (bone plates, where ribs are attached) ventral plates on the front of the Animal.
Human have sternum (only one) not sterna.
Cuticle = is on top of the exoskeleton;- epicuticle means top waxy layer.
Exoskeleton which is made up of chitin, and protein.
Chitins;- are in rods surrounded dead by protein molecules.
Exocutilce becomes sclerotized (it becomes tanned or dark)
Epidermis (the top layer)
Pores ;- can be found in exoskeleton.
Seta in arthropods are different than annelids.
Setae of arthropods?
They can sense the environment, they have hair like projections and they can sense the environment.
Epicuticle is made up of?
Waxy layer
Procuticle is made up of?
Exocuticle and endocuticle.
Exocuticle is what?
Itโs rodes of chitin and surrounded by protein Molecules.
Endocuticle is what?
It is principle layer and membranous layer(very thin layer on the bottom). After that is epidermis.
What is apodeme?
Is the name of structure that muscles are extension of exoskeleton inward, so muscles attached to these apodeme(projections).
These are spongelike inward projection of cuticle that muscles insert in crustaceans and ๐ insects.
Exoskeleton have?
Have rods inside and rodes are surrounded by protein molecules.
Chitin?
Is sugar molecule, have nitrogen which is attached to glucose molecules.
It is N-Acetylglucosamine.
What is the importance of exoskeleton?
๐ Hardened exoskeleton offers more protection against predators and environmental hazards.
๐ Provide more secure site for muscle attachments.
๐ Allowed adjacent segments and joints to function as levers to greatly improve locomotion and flight.
๐ It is suite of Armor.
Molting?
Another name for it is ecdysis.
What digest away the protein molecules (chitin)
Epidermis secretes protease and chitinase, thes two enzymes digest away the protein and chitin, so animal can get rid of exoskeleton and then the new one can grow back.
So, when the animal got rid of exoskeleton then they are so soft they can expose to predators. But it will soon grow back.
Arthropods have what system?
They have open circulatory system.
What is the Name of largest Japanese crab?
It is Macrocheira 4m.
What is the name of smallest parasitic mite?
Demodex 0.1m (eyelash)
Can demodex mite flay?
Yes, they are only invertebrates that can fly.
Can macrocheira can see?
Yes, they have eyes and they can form image just like Cephalopoda.
They have two types of eyes,
Simple eye;- cannot form image,can only see light intensity.
Compound eye;- can form image.
Explain simple eye?
They cannot form image only can detect light intensity.
Made up of Occelus
Explain compound eye?
It is made up of ommatidium.
It have ;- cornea
Crystalline cone
Pigmented microvilli
Photoreceptors cell.
And one the bottoms they are attached to nerves and nerves go to the brains and that how animal can form image.
Arthropods similarities with Annelids?
๐ Segmentation of the body surface and muscles.
Artgropods are (head, thorax and abdominal, and appendages) annelids were while body.
๐ Nervous system look like ladder๐ช
๐ spiral cleavage
Annelids differences then arthropods?
Fix number of segments
No septa
Coelomic cavity reduced.
Open circulatory system (Annelids was closed)
Special structure for respiration (annelids do not have special structure)
Joint appendages (annelids did not have, they had appendages but they did not had jointed ones)
Exoskeleton (annelids did not had any)
Compound eye (annelids only had simple eye.
What is something between arthropods and annelids?
Phylum onychophora.
Common name for phylum onychophora?
Velvet worms.