Subphylum Trilobita , Subphylum Chelicerata Flashcards
What does Thomas Eisner said about arthropods?
Arthropods (Bugs) are not going to inherit earth 🌎, they own it now.
So we might as well make piece with landlord.
Phylum Arthropods?
Is the largest phylum.
Clade panarthropoda?
Pan = all over.
Another name for this clade is Clade Ecdysozoa, (they undergo ecdysis), and shed their exoskeleton, nematodes also shed their cuticle.
This clade contains arthropoda, and two allied phylum
Onychophora and Tardigrada.
Phylum arthropods?
Arthr = Joint
Pod = Foot 🦶
Arthropods are what?
They are polyphyletic , 1100000 species.
They are eucoelomate and protostomes with homocoel.
Homocoel mean?
Blood that is percolating in coelomic area.
Are arthropods segmented?
Yes, they are segmented from head, thorax and abdomen, appendages and antenna.
What another structure arthropods have?
They have Tagmata.
What is tagmata?
Tagmata is fused body parts such as, (head and thorax) together called = cephalothorax.
Explain the segments of arthropods?
They have the following segmentations,
Targa:- dorsal plates on the back of the animal 🦔 .
Sternum :- (bone plates, where ribs are attached) ventral plates on the front of the Animal.
Human have sternum (only one) not sterna.
Cuticle = is on top of the exoskeleton;- epicuticle means top waxy layer.
Exoskeleton which is made up of chitin, and protein.
Chitins;- are in rods surrounded dead by protein molecules.
Exocutilce becomes sclerotized (it becomes tanned or dark)
Epidermis (the top layer)
Pores ;- can be found in exoskeleton.
Seta in arthropods are different than annelids.
Setae of arthropods?
They can sense the environment, they have hair like projections and they can sense the environment.
Epicuticle is made up of?
Waxy layer
Procuticle is made up of?
Exocuticle and endocuticle.
Exocuticle is what?
It’s rodes of chitin and surrounded by protein Molecules.
Endocuticle is what?
It is principle layer and membranous layer(very thin layer on the bottom). After that is epidermis.
What is apodeme?
Is the name of structure that muscles are extension of exoskeleton inward, so muscles attached to these apodeme(projections).
These are spongelike inward projection of cuticle that muscles insert in crustaceans and 🐞 insects.
Exoskeleton have?
Have rods inside and rodes are surrounded by protein molecules.
Chitin?
Is sugar molecule, have nitrogen which is attached to glucose molecules.
It is N-Acetylglucosamine.
What is the importance of exoskeleton?
🛑 Hardened exoskeleton offers more protection against predators and environmental hazards.
🛑 Provide more secure site for muscle attachments.
🛑 Allowed adjacent segments and joints to function as levers to greatly improve locomotion and flight.
🛑 It is suite of Armor.
Molting?
Another name for it is ecdysis.
What digest away the protein molecules (chitin)
Epidermis secretes protease and chitinase, thes two enzymes digest away the protein and chitin, so animal can get rid of exoskeleton and then the new one can grow back.
So, when the animal got rid of exoskeleton then they are so soft they can expose to predators. But it will soon grow back.
Arthropods have what system?
They have open circulatory system.
What is the Name of largest Japanese crab?
It is Macrocheira 4m.
What is the name of smallest parasitic mite?
Demodex 0.1m (eyelash)
Can demodex mite flay?
Yes, they are only invertebrates that can fly.
Can macrocheira can see?
Yes, they have eyes and they can form image just like Cephalopoda.
They have two types of eyes,
Simple eye;- cannot form image,can only see light intensity.
Compound eye;- can form image.
Explain simple eye?
They cannot form image only can detect light intensity.
Made up of Occelus
Explain compound eye?
It is made up of ommatidium.
It have ;- cornea
Crystalline cone
Pigmented microvilli
Photoreceptors cell.
And one the bottoms they are attached to nerves and nerves go to the brains and that how animal can form image.
Arthropods similarities with Annelids?
🔆 Segmentation of the body surface and muscles.
Artgropods are (head, thorax and abdominal, and appendages) annelids were while body.
🔆 Nervous system look like ladder🪜
🔆 spiral cleavage
Annelids differences then arthropods?
Fix number of segments
No septa
Coelomic cavity reduced.
Open circulatory system (Annelids was closed)
Special structure for respiration (annelids do not have special structure)
Joint appendages (annelids did not have, they had appendages but they did not had jointed ones)
Exoskeleton (annelids did not had any)
Compound eye (annelids only had simple eye.
What is something between arthropods and annelids?
Phylum onychophora.
Common name for phylum onychophora?
Velvet worms.
Described the structure of velvet worms?
They are worm like with head and antennae.
Cuticle
Segmentation
Simple eyes
Ventral mouth
Mandibles (means mouth is on ventral side of the animal) Not all of Arthropods have mandibles.
What are the subphyla of arthropods?
Trilobita (all extinct)
Chelicerae’s (Mouth part have chelicerae) like 🕷️ and 🦂.
Crustaceans (if we go to red lobster we are most likely to eat a crustaceans. They are called equator insects.
Hexapoda (biramus) they have 6 legs.
Myriapoda (used to be part of biramus but then they said all of the centipedes and millipedes will go to subphylum Myriapoda.
Explain subphylum Trilobita?
They have three longitudinal lobes.
All could be extinct and primitive marine Animals.
They have three Tagmata ;- cephalon, thorax and pygidium.
Longitudinal groove divided body into three lobes.
Explain subphylum cheliceraeta?
Horseshoe crab 🦀 spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions 🦂, and sea spiders 🕷️ ,
Mouth part have chelicerae;- which can seize, pierce and tear the prey.
Where is food digested of subphylum chelicerata?
The release some enzymes on the surface of the prey and then the prey is digested and then swallow or eat the rest of the animal.
Feeding of subphylum chelicerata is by?
Feeding is by pedipalp;- brings food to the mouth.
Cchlecireta do not have?
They do not have antennae.
But they do have 4 pairs of walking legs 🦵,
And 6 pairs of appendages, including a pair of chelicerae and a pair of pedipalps.
How chelicerata eat their prey?
After they kill the animal the penetrates the animal and suck the food out.
What is carapace in subphylum chelicerata?
It is on the back of the animal which is cephalothorax.
It is an exoskeleton plate that covers cephalothorax.
Subphylum chelicerata have what class and subclass?
It have
Class = Merostimata
Subclass = Xiphosurida.
Scientific and common name for class merostomata and subphylum chelicerata?
Horseshoes crab and Limulus Polyphemus.
They use the blood of what organism to test for specific microorganism?
Limulus Polyphemus, there is a test in microbiology by that name.
Structure of horseshoes crab?
They have carapace,
They have Telson,
Their cephalothorax have 4 pairs of walking legs,
One pair of chelicerata,
One pair of pedipalp,
Five pairs of book gills, (which is not the appendages)
2 compound and 2 simple eyes.
What is Telson?
Telson is towards the posterior end of the animals and it’s like a rod and when the animal flip they use the telson to flip themselves.
Horseshoes crab are what?
They are Nocturnal
Active at night.
Sexual maturity of horseshoes crab?
At 9 years old
Whole life span is 19 years old.
Almost half of their life they are not mature.
Pedipalps are what?
They are not walking legs. Bring food to the mouth
(And it sense the environment. ) ask him about this.
Where is Anus of horseshoes crab?
It is right at the base of Telson, on the ventral side.
Second class in subphylum chelicerata?
It is Class Arachnida.
What organism belong to class Arachnida?
Black widow,
Brown recluse spider,
Scorpion 🦂
Ticks,
Mites,
Daddy long legs.
Structure of class Arachnida?
They have Tagmata which are cephalothorax and abdomen.
One pair of chelicerae,
One pair of pedipalps,
4 pair of walking legs,
No Antennae
Claws and rings which are modified pedipalps and chelicerae.
Some have poison gland or stingers,
✴️ First arthropods to move to land,
Most are predacious and have claws, fangs, poison glands, stingers, but NO antenna or MANDIBLES.
Name of the arthropods who first move to land?
Class Arachnida.
So, all of the arthropods were originated in the sea, then they came to land, and since the was no predator, and ample food all over then they went to adaptive radiation and then they flourished on earth and they learned to fly.
Class Arachnida do not have what?
They do not have Antenna or Mandibles.
What does predacious mean?
It means they prey on other Arthropods.
What is prosoma?
It is the segment cephalothorax
What is opisthosoma?
It is the abdomen.
And these animals (class Arachnida) they are covered in setae and these setae are scary and they can sense the environment.
Chelicera have what?
Chelicerae have fangs and these fangs have duct inside that goes into poisonous gland, and then when animal see something that he would like to eat then they go head and Pearce the fangs into the animal and paralyze them and when the animal is paralyzed or dead then they go ahead use their pedipalps and bring the prey to the mouth and then they use their chelicerae and they suck the good things form animals.
Name the orders for class Arachnida?
Order;-
Aranea :- spiders.
Scorpionida :- scorpions.
Acari :- Ticks and mites.
Order Aranea?
Tarantula Spiders
All spiders are carnivorous.
Male always smaller then female.
Cephalothorax (prosoma)
Abdomen (opisthosoma)
Cephalothorax and abdomen are not segmented that is why they call them prosoma and opisthosoma.
Pedicel
Chelicerae have fangs and it have poison glands
Pedipalps have 4 walking legs.
Malpighian tubules.
Book lungs and trachea or both.
Spiracles.
Coxal glands
Ocelli
Poor vision but have sensory setae,
Sensing vibration of its web.
Silk gland for web spinning.
Not all spiders make web for trapping their prey ex;- (wolf spider, jumping spider, fisher spider,
What is pedicel in order Aranea?
That’s where cephalothorax and abdomen are connected together.
Malpighian tubules in order Aranea?
They are structures in the posterior end of the animal and they are used to absorb water and minerals.
Spiracles in order Aranea?
Spiraceles are the opening for respiration.
Their spiracles are naked but grasshopper spiracles are covered.
Coxal gland in order Aranea?
It eliminates wastes through pores, and they are at the base of legs.
Ocelli of order Aranea?
Have 8 simple eyes, lens , optic rods and Retina.
But they cannot form image only can see light intensity.
Two types of Venom in order Aranea?
Neurotox ;- when it is realeased it go and stop neurotransmitters, then try neurotransmitters can’t go from one neuron to the next one then the animal become paralyzed.
Hemolytic ;- when it is released it breaks down red blood cell of the animal, when the red blood cell are broken down then oxygen cannot be transported, food cannot be transported and the animal dies.
Most venoms in nature are what?
They are combination of Neurotoxic and Hemolytic.
Order Scorpionida?
Scorpions,
Common in tropical and subtropical.
They hide
Their Tagmata is cephalothorax.
Pre abdomen and post abdomen (tail)
Postabdomen have 5 segments and stinging apparatus.
Ovoviviparous (lay egg, immediately) and viviparous (give birth))
Most scorpions are ovoviviparous.
Order Acari?
Tickets and mites
They live all over on planet earth 🌍,
Complete fusion of cephalothorax and abdomen (head and abdomen is just one big bulk).
Mouth parts are on capitulum.
Chlecirae for piercing, tearing and gripping food.
They are serial agricultural pests
Most specs have three host lie cycle.
Order Acari life cycle and other interesting facts?
Larva ➡️ nymph ➡️ Adult
They are agricultural pests, the eat crops, (live stock , sheep, cow)
And they also eat plants.
Most species have 3 host life cycle.
Scorpions are what?
They are truly viviparous and
females brood their young’s within their reproductive tract.
Scientific and common name for order Acari?
Trimbicula is red bug cause Chiggers disease, and chigger dermatitis (inflammation of skin) (transmission of pathogens)
Demodex it is cigar shaped.
50 % of population have Demodex.
Demodex can live in eyelashes and do not bother human.
But in animals it cause mange in animals, which can cause death in dogs and cat.
Also found in Hair follicle.
What is another organism?
Sarcoptes Scabiei,
It can cause intense itching and it is skin parasite.
Ixodes is Hard ticks
These are Lyme disease which is Borrelia Burgdorferi.
Lyme disease?
There is a city by the name of Lyme in their they noticed People with Lyme disease have heart problem but later they develop Arthritis,
Then they found out that they had this bacteria (Borrelia burgdorferi) which cause the heart problem and last they’re develop Arthritis
And when they put the people on antibiotics most of the problems went away.
And that bacteria (Borrelia burgdorferi) came from ticks (Ixodes) because the city was sororiunded by good amount of deers,
Tickets would suck blood from 🦌 deer and then those ticks would attach to human neck (because neck is their favorite part) and while sucking blood from human neck they put the bacteria inside human, and human become infected.
Capiticulum is the mouth part which can stuck to human skin, so when you remove the tick you should also remove the capiticulum. We should put the lighter or alchohol so mouth part can also come out.
Rocky mounted spotty fever?
Dermacentor,
It can cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Tularemia,
This disease is not as bad as Lyme disease.
Red water fever?
Boophilus Annulatus
Is Babesia which cause babesiosis Texas cattle fever or red water fever
It is a protozoan in cattle and when the animal is infected and when they are urinating they can release infection and o5er cow can also get it.
Human also get Babesia
In human doctors can think it’s Malaria but this is not as bad as Malaria.
Are spiders dangerous?
Most people fear 😰 spiders Without good reason,
Spiders are timid creator who are Allies of humans in our battle against insects 🐞 pest.
American tarantulas?
Can get large but rarely bite and their bite is not dangerous.
Black widow spiders?
Some species of these spiders are dangerous and their venom is Neurotoxic.
Brown recluse spider?
It have Hemolytic venom that destroys tissue around bite.
Some American and south Australians spiders?
They are the most dangerous and aggressive species with some of the most toxic venoms which cause intense pain and neurotoxicity.
