Subordinate Conjunctions Flashcards

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1
Q

Apa Itu Subordinate Conjunctions?

A

Kata-kata yang menghubungkan independen clause dan dependen clause. Terdapat beberapa jenis subordinate connunctions, diantaranya:

  1. Subordinate conjunctions indicating time
  2. Subordinate conjunctions indicating place
  3. Subordinate conjunctions indicating cause
  4. Subordinate conjunctions indicating contrast
  5. Subordinate conjunctions indicating condition
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2
Q

Apa Saja Subordinate Conjunctions Indicating Time?

A

When
While
As

After
Before

Once
Since

Until (formal)
Till (informal)
Now that

As long as (formal)
So long as (informal)

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3
Q

Apa Perbedaan When dan While?

A

Dalam Bahasa Indonesia, When dan While maknanya adalah ketika.

Perbedaan keduanya:
1. When digunakan jika kejadian 1 mendahului kejadian 2 dan jenis kejadian/kegiatannya berdurasi pendek. Sedangkan While digunakan jika 2 kejadian terjadi bersamaan dalam durasi yang panjang.

Contoh:
-I was cooking dinner when he came in

-I was cooking dinner while he was watching TV

  1. When digunakan dalam pola past continuous dan past perfect yang dipasangkan dengan pola simple past. Sedangkan While hanya digunakan dalam pola present dan past continuous.
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4
Q

Kapan Kita Menggunakan As?

A

As digunakan jika 2 kejadian atau kegiatan berlangsung cepat. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, As dapat diartikan “segera setelah”.
Contoh:
Namjoon was smiling as he walked into the room

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5
Q

Apa Perbedaan As Long As dan So Long As?

A

As long as lebih formal. Dalam bahasa Indonesia artinya adalah sepanjang atau selama.

  1. Mengekspresikan Waktu
    I’ve always wake up early as long as I live
  2. Mengekspresikan Syarat
    You are not allowed to enter as long as you still have your pet with you.
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6
Q

Apa Perbedaan Since dalam Present Perfect Continuous dan Since dalam Past Perfect Continuous?

A

∆ Since dalam Present Perfect Contiunous bermakna kejadian atau kegiatan mulai dilakukan sejak dimasa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang.

Contohnya ketika kita sedang melihat seseorang sedang menunggu bis sejak 30 menit yang lalu maka kita mengatakannya: She has been waiting for the bus since half an hour ago

∆ Since dalam past perfect continuous bermakna suatu kejadian atau kegiatan telah dimulai dan berlangsung di masa lampau (sudah tidak berlangsung disaat kita membicarakannya)

Contoh: She had been waiting for the bus since 6 a.m. before she decided to take a taxi

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7
Q

Apa Saja Subordinate Conjunctions Indicating Place?

A

Where, wherever, no matter where

Contoh:
I always remember you wherever I am

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8
Q

Apa Saja Subordinate Conjunctions Indicating Cause?

A

Because/Cause/Because of the fact that…

Since
As

Now that (bahwa sekarang/menunjukan terjadinya sesuatu karena keadaan sekarang)

Due to the fact that

Inasmuch as (karena sejauh ini)

In view of the fact that..

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9
Q

Apa Perbedaan Penggunaan Because, Because of, dan Due to?

A

∆ Because merupakan subordinating conjunction maka dia menghubungkan clause/sentences.

Contoh:
I didn’t go to school because I was ill

∆ Due to merupakan adjective, maka dia menjelaskan noun, noun phrase, atau gerund. Due to harus diawali dengan to be (aux be).
NOUN (akibat) + AUX BE + DUE TO + NOUN/NOUN PHRASE/GERUND (sebab)

Contoh:
Her sadness was due to the broken smartphone

∆ Because of merupakan adverb, maka dia harus menjelaskan sebab akibat dari Verb dan diikuti juga oleh noun, noun phrase, atau gerund.
VERB (akibat) + BECAUSE OF + NOUN/NOUN PHRASE/ GERUND (sebab)

Contoh:
He canceled to come because of an urgent matters

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10
Q

Apa Perbedaan Penggunaan Because, Since, dan As?

A

Because, Since, dan As pada dasarnya sama-sama menghubungkan clause atau sentences. Perbedaannya adalah penekanan makna dan situasi penggunaannya.

  1. Because : bermakna “karena” secara umum, informal, paling banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, dan menekankan SEBAB/CAUSE.
  2. Since : Lebih formal, menekankan HASIL/EFFECT , dan derajat kepastian akibatnya tinggi/ sudah pasti terjadi akibatnya.
  3. As : Situasi sebab akibat yang langsung terjadi, serta merta, atau kejadian yang berurutan.
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11
Q

Contoh Penggunaan Because, Since, dan As?

A
  1. Because it rains hard all day, I must stay at home.
  2. The river has overflowing since it has been raining for several days
  3. I was shocked, As the door suddenly opened on it’s own
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12
Q

Apa Saja Subordinate Conjunctions Indicating Contrast?

A

Although
Though
Whereas
While

Despite the fact that…
Regardless of the fact that…
In spite of the fact that…
Assuming that…

Not withstanding (that) : Namun demikian

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13
Q

Apa Perbedaan Conjunctions Although, Though, dan Even Though?

A

Although dan even though lebih formal dan dapat diletakan diawal atau ditengah kalimat. Sedangkan though bersifat informal, hanya digunakan pada percakapan langsung, dan diletakan di awal atau diakhir kalimat.

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14
Q

Even though VS Even if?

A

Even though artinya meskipun sedangkan even if artinya sekalipun.
Contoh:

  1. Even though it rains, she still goes to school. (fakta yang terjadi)
  2. Even if it rains, she will still go to school. (pengandaian/belum terjadi)
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15
Q

Apa Perbedaan Penggunaan While dan Whereas?

A

∆ While jika dalam Bahasa Indonesia adalah membandingkan 2 hal yang terjadi dalam cakupan waktu yang sama menggunakan kata “sementara”.

Contoh: Aku sedang menyapu sementara suamiku mencuci mobilnya.
(I was sweeping while my husband was washing his car)

Kata sementara dalam kalimat tersebut membandingkan kegiatan yang dilakukan bersamaan.

∆ Whereas jika dalam Bahasa Indonesia adalah membandingkan 2 hal yang bertolak belakang menggunakan kata “sedangkan”.

Contoh: Dyah bertubuh pendek sedangkan adiknya bertubuh tinggi.
(Dyah is short whereas her sister is tall)

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16
Q

Kenapa ada tambahan that pada preposisi despite, inspite of, dan notwithstanding?

A

Mereka adalah modiying phrases, yang menjadikannya bisa diikuti oleh kalimat atau clause (non gerund/noun/noun phrases).

17
Q

Apa Saja Subordinate Conjunctions Indicating Conditions?

A

If, if only (seandanya saja), only if (hanya Jika)
In case
Once
Unless

Whenever (kapanpun/setiap kali)
Beyond that (selain bahwa)

Except/Excepting that (kecuali/kecuali bahwa)
Provided/providing that (Asalkan)

In the event that (dalam hal)
On conditions that (dalam kondisi)
Supposing that (misalkan)

18
Q

Only if VS Provided/providing that?

A

Only if artinya hanya jika sedangkan provided that artinya asalkan.
Penggunaan keduanya dapat saling dipertukarkan.

Perbedaannya adalah, only if lebih fleksibel karena dapat diletakkan di tengah (diantara akibat dan sebab) atau diawal kalimat kemudian diikuti sebab.
Sedangkan Provided/providing that hanya diletakkan di awal kelimat kemudian diikuti sebab.

Contoh:
1. will study abroad (akibat) only if I get a fully-funded scholarship (sebab).

Dalam kalimat diatas, only if berada diantara akibat dan sebab.

  1. Provided/providing that I get a fully-funded scholarship, I will study abroad.

Dalam kalimat diatas, provided/providing that berada diawal kalimat kemudian diikuti sebab.

19
Q

Apa artinya unless?

A

Artinya Jika Tidak
Contoh:
1. I won’t eat unless I’m really hungry.
(saya tidak akan makan jika tidak benar lapar).
Kalimat diatas sama halnya dengan:
I won’t eat if I am not I’m really hungry.

  1. You can’t travel abroad unless you have a passport.
20
Q

Apa arti beyond that?

A

Artinya selain dari itu/ selain bahwa.
Contoh :

He is nothing special to me beyond that he is my coworker.