Subdural and Epidural Hematoma/ Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Flashcards
The diagnoses of cerebral vein / venous sinus thrombosis are confirmed with:
brain MR venography
Venous sinus thrombosis presents with signs / symptoms of:
increased ICP (e.g., headache, seizures, focal neurologic deficits)
_______is used to prevent cerebral vasospasm following a(n) subarachnoid hemorrhage
Nimodipine
Subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosis if Non-contrast CT to detect blood:
- is positive:
- is negative:
- Angiography to detect source of bleed
- Lumbar puncture if clinical suspicion still high
Measures to treat increased ICP:
- Elevating the head off the bed - Hyperventilating
- Mannitol
What is the major cause of delayed morbidity and death 3 - 10 days after presentation of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
- Vasospasm
What is the major cause of death within the first 24 hours of presentation of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Rebleeding
Definitive treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage includes:
Surgical clipping or coiling
Diagnosis of an elderly patient with history of falls presents with progressive headache, somnolence, confusion, and mild contralateral hemiparesis for the past 2 weeks
Chronic subdural hematoma
Subdural hematoma is most commonly seen in:
- Elderly patients
- Alcohol use disorder
- Infants (shaken baby syndrome)
What is the most likely diagnosis in a patient with headache, AMS, vision changes, and seizure? Imaging demonstrates white matter edema in the bilateral posterior cerebral hemispheres
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
-What is the diagnosis in a patient who was hit in the side of the head, LOC for 90 seconds, regained consciousness, but lost it again?
- What would imaging show? .
- Epidural hematoma
- Biconvex lens-shaped hematoma
Which type of cranial hematoma involves a fixed dilated pupil and contralateral hemiparesis?
Acute epidural hematoma
Significant epidural hematomas are managed with:
urgent craniotomy
Which type of intracranial hemorrhage is most often seen in shaken baby syndrome?
Subdural hematoma
- Subdural hematoma is due to _____ that lie between the dura and arachnoid
- Epidural hematoma is due to rupture of ______
- tearing of bridging veins
- the middle meningeal artery
Headache, systemic symptoms (fever/leukocytosis), history of sinusitis and cranial nerve symptoms (e.g. diplopia) is suggestive of:
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a serious complication of ______fungal infection
Mucormycosis
