Subcellular Structure and Function Flashcards
The Mitochondria structure has an _____ membrane with half ____ and half _____ and an ______ space.
- Outer
- protein
- lipid
- Intermembrane
The _____ membrane of mitochondria is the site of _____ _____, is high in _____, _____ to most molecules for maintenance of transmembrane potential, and has inward projecting folds called _____.
- Inner
- ATP synthesis
- protein
- impermeable
- cristae
The cristae of the inner membrane of mitochondria are _____ in conformation and ____ is attached to the surface.
- Asymmetrical
- ATPase
The TCA cycle occurs where?
In the matrix space of mitochrondria
Where are mitochondria usually localized?
Near the site of ATP utilization
Mitochondria release ______ _____ that is used for apoptosis.
Cytochrome C
Mitochondria contain their own unique _____ material that is derived from the mother. Most mitochondrial proteins are products of _____ genes. Mitochondria gene products include what?
- genetic
- nuclear
- Mitochondrial RNA and a few innermembrane proteins
Mitochondria originated from prokaryote ______ _____ and divide via _____.
- Endosymbiotic bacteria
- Binary Fission
Microfilaments are part of the eukaryotic skeleton. An example is a double-stranded helix formed by polymerization of ____ monomors. They are also called _____ filaments. What are three functions?
- Actin
- Actin
- Cell motility, organelle transport, muscle contraction
_____ are an example of microfilaments found in the intestine to increase the intestinal epithelium.
Microvilli
______ are microfilaments that are motor proteins responsible for actin-based motility. They assemble during telophase in _____.
- Myosins
- cytokinesis
The ____ is a microfilament and the basic unit of a muscle cell.
Sarcomere
____ filaments provide mechanical support and strength. Disruption of this can cause epidermolysis bulls simplex disorder.
Intermediate
______ are the widest filaments in the cell. They are in nerve cells, used in intracellular transport, and are spindle fibers.
Microtubules
_____ are numerous, short, hair-like extensions of the cytoskeleton, and ____ are long, whip-like extensions with only 1-2 per cell.
- Cilia
- Flagella
The structure of cilia and flagella is composes of ____ pairs of microtubules around _____ single microtubules in the center.
- 9
- 2
A _____ is a pair of two centriole hollow cylinders. It is the _____ organizing center and the ______ ____ of flagella or cilium.
- Centrosome
- Microtubule
- Basal Body
In animal cells, a pair of _____ organize microtubules guiding chromosomes during cell division
Centrioles
_____ _____ are non-living metabolites of cell products in the cytoplasm. _____ is long-term energy storage in liver and muscles. ____ ____ are present in adipose tissue. _____ are responsible for pigment and contain the brown pigment of hair and skin, _____, and ______, a brown age pigment in cells. They also contain _____ which is a brown iron containing pigment formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin in the liver.
- Cell inclusions
- Glycogen
- Lipid Spheres
- Melanosomes
- Melanin
- Lipofuscin
- Hemosiderin
The _____ is extremely condensed DNA.
Chromosome
The cells of higher eukaryotes carry a ____ chromosome number, and example is ____ cells. Germ cells such as sperm and egg gametes have a _____ chromosome number.
- Diploid
- Somatic
- Haploid
______ is the orderly arrangement of homologous chromosomes based on the ____ and ____ of the chromosomes.
- Karyotype
- Morphology
- Size
The _____ is the most condensed and constricted region of a chromosome. It is called the ______ when the microtubular spindle fibers attach here during mitosis and meiosis.
- Centromere
- Kinetochore
A _____ is one of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere.
chromatid
