Introduction and the Cell Flashcards
_____ is the division of morphological sciences concerned with the visual examination of cells, intercellular structures and their organization into tissues and organs.
Histology
True or False: Basic components of a cell stain with basic dye, and acidic components of a cell stain with acidic dye.
False: Basic components stain with acidic, and acidic with basic
Acidic staining is also called _____ staining. Basic staining is also called _____ staining.
- Basophilic
- Eosinophilic
1 millimeter = how many microns?
1000
____ is the study of disease, and a _____ is a specialist in this field who practices chiefly in the lab as a consultant to clinical colleagues.
- Pathology
- Pathologist
______ pathology is the subspecialty of pathology that pertains to the study of cells, tissues, and organs removed for biopsy, surgical treatment or during postmortem examination
Anatomic
______ is the microscopic evaluation of tissue in a diseased state.
Histopathology
_____ is the branch of vet med concerned with veterinary obstetrics and with the diseases and physiology of animal reproductive systems. A _____ is a vet specializing in this field.
- Theriogenology
- Theriogenologist
The ____ is the smallest unit of living organisms that cannot be subdivided without destroying life.
Cell
In higher organisms, groups of cells differentiate to form ______ which group to form _____.
- Tisues
- Organs
The membrane structure of a cell is a _____ _____ since it has has a hydrophilic and hydrophobic layer. It functions as a _____ _____ barrier. What does the rate at which a molecule diffuses across this barrier depend on? What molecules easily pass through?
- Phospholipid bilayer
- Selectively permeable
- Depends on electric charge and size
- Neutral, small molecules pass through easily
Describe the symmetry of the cell membrane. Where does glycosylation occur?
-The structure is asymmetric and has different composition inside and outside the cell. For example, glycosylation occurs on the extracellular surface since glycoproteins are only on the extracellular side of the cell.
The fluidity of the cell membrane is described as a ____ _____ model. Proteins and the lipids in the lipid bilayer are ____ mobile. In what ways can the lipids also move? In what ways do they rarely move?
- Fluid mosaic
- Laterally
- Flexion and rotation
- Rarely flip flop since the inside and outside of the cell are not the same. Induces apoptosis.
What are lipid rafts and what is their function?
- They are membrane micro domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipid and also contain GPI-anchored proteins and transmembrane proteins.
- They serve as sites for signal transduction and transformation across the plasma membrane.
The ______ is the membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. What are its properties?
- Nucleus
- It has an envelope, pores, and a fibrous lamina
The _____ ___ consists of two cellular membranes and is structurally similar and continuous with the membrane of the rough ER and is studded with ribosomes.
Nuclear Envelope
What do cell pores do?
Transport RNA, ribosomes, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates across the nuclear envelope
The _____ _____ lies on the inner surface of the nuclear membrane and is made of lamina. It maintains nuclear stability, organizes chromatin, and binds nuclear pore complexes
Fibrous Lamina
Chromatin is made of DNA and its associated histones. ______ is uncoiled with an extended portion of DNA being actively transcribed. ______ is a condensed portion of DNA being stored with no active transcription.
- Euchromatin
- Heterochromatin
In the _____, synthesis of ribosomal RNA occurs.
Nucleolus
What composes the rough endoplasmic reticulum and what is its function?
- Membrane cistern and ribosomes
- Synthesize membrane or secretory proteins
Describe the structure and function of the smooth ER.
- Endoplasmic reticulum with no ribosomes and is in the form of tubules arranged in neatly parallel rows or in a tangle
- Functions: Biosynthesis of steroids, drug detoxification, calcium pumping and sequestration
In the testes, what cellular structure produces testosterone. In the liver, what cellular structure is in charge of drug detoxification?
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The _____ _____ is the organelle in charge of attaching sugars to the proteins to make glycoprotioens and condensing proteins and packaging them into membrane bound secretory granules. The convex face is the _____ face and the concave face is the ____ face.
- Golgi apparatus
- Forming
- Maturing
