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Y12 - Bio - Ms Lee > Sub cellular organelles > Flashcards

Sub cellular organelles Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Flagella structure

A

Structure

  • smiler to cilia but longer
  • protrude from cell surface
  • surrounded by plasma membrane
  • 9+2 arrangement
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2
Q

Flagella Function

A

Function

  • (whip like) enables cell mobility
  • microtubules contract to make flagellum more
  • propels cell forward e.g. sperm cells
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3
Q

Chloroplast Structure

A
  • double membrane, which encloses the stroma
  • Stroma - contains starch grains, lipids DNA, RNA and ribosomes
  • membrane flattened sacs called THYAKALOIDS, stacked called grana
  • grana are linked by lamellae
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4
Q

Chloroplast function

A
  • photosynthetic reactions
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5
Q

Cell wall structure

A
  • made of B-cellulose microfibrils
  • fully permeable
  • thin layer called middle lamella
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6
Q

Cell wall function

A
  • gives plant mechanical strength
  • cements adjacent cells together
  • ## support + shape
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7
Q

Cilia structure

A
  • hair like tensions from some animal cells
  • outer membrane
  • ring of 9 pairs of protein microtubules
  • two int the middle 9+2 arrangement
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8
Q

Cilia function

A
  • sensory function e.g. nose

- beat to create current to move , (fluid/mucus/object)

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9
Q

Plasma Membrane structure

A
  • surface of animal cells
  • inside the cell wall of a plant
  • a phospholipid bilayer
  • composed of proteins and lipids
  • receptor molecules
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10
Q

Plasma membrane Function

A
  • regulated movement of substances

- receptor molecules allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones

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11
Q

Cytoskeleton structure

A

microfilaments
- made from protein Actin

microtubules

  • formed by globular protein tumbling
  • polymerise to make tubes

intermediate fibres

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12
Q

cytoskeleton function

A

Microfilaments
- movement of the cell and cytoplasm during cytokinesis

Microtubules
- tracks for organelles to move around the cell

Intermediate fibres
- gives strength to the cell and helps maintain integrity

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13
Q

Ribosome structure

A
  • 2 sub unit organelle
  • made from RNA protein
  • no membrane
  • small. 22nm diameter
  • free floating in cytoplasm or on rough endoplasmic reticulum
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14
Q

Ribosome function

A
  • Protein synthesis

- assemble amino acids into proteins using mRNA

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15
Q

Mitochondria structure

A
  • oval shaped
  • double membrane
  • inner membrane is cristae
  • the solution inside is matrix which contains enzymes for respiration
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16
Q

Mitochondria function

A
  • site of aerobic respiration

- release ATP - energy carrier in cells

17
Q

Lysosome structure

A
  • spherical sacs

- single membrane

18
Q

Lysosome Function

A
  • contain lysozymes

- break down worn put components/digest invading cells

19
Q

Centrioles structure

A
  • part of the cytoskeleton
  • many microtubules
  • hollow cylinders that occur in pairs
  • next to nucleus’s in animals cells only
  • each contain a ring of microtubules
20
Q

Centrioles function

A
  • forms spindle in cell division

- makes a copy of itself during cell division

21
Q

Nucleus structure

A
  • double nuclear envelope
  • has nuclear pores
  • inside is a nucleolus
  • inside the nucleolus is chromatin which is DNA
22
Q

Function of the different parts of the nucleus

A

Nucleus

  • controls the cell
  • stores DNA

Nucleolus
-makes ribosomes

Nuclear envelope
-double membrane , protects the nucleus from damage and has pores

23
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum structure

A
  • stacks of membrane bound sheets call cisternae

- sacs are fluid filled and studded in ribosomes

24
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum Function

A
  • site of protein synthesis
25
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Structure

A
  • Similar to the RER bus has no ribosomes

- has interconnected tubules

26
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum function

A
  • carbohydrate and lipid synthesis and storage
27
Q

Golgi apparatus structure

A
  • stacks of flattened membrane sacs
  • cisternae
  • continuously formed from the endoplasmic reticulum
  • buds off into Golgi vesicles
28
Q

Golgi apparatus Function

A
  • Internal transport
  • receives protein from the endoplasmic reticulum
  • modifies and processes molecules and packages them into vesicles
  • secretory vesicles (leave) lysosomes (stay)

Y12 - Bio - Ms Lee (6 decks)

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