STYLISTICS Flashcards
Change the usual meaning of words to convey vivid picture
Literary Tropes
Identify:
“I rather recommend buying the children alive and dressing them hot from the knife, as we do roasting pigs.”
In this satirical essay, Swift ironically suggests that the poor Irish might ease their economic troubles by selling their children as food to the rich. This act is saying the opposite of what is actually meant.
A. Antiphrasis
B. Antimetabole
Antiphrasis (Verbal irony)
Despite Alice’s groaning stomach, she replied “No thanks, I just ate and I’m quite full” when she was offered a meal by the queen of hearts.
This displays coyness.
A. Antanaclassis
B. Accismus
B. Accismus
What do both the lines: “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.” and John Milton’s poem Paradise Lost
“Yet not all lost: th’ unconquerable Will, / And study of revenge, immortal hate, / And courage never to submit or yield.” have in common?
In this passage, Satan reflects on his downfall, but quickly counters his defeat with the idea that his will and resolve remain unconquered.
Antanagoge
Antana (👎🏻) GOge! (👍🏻)
Martin Luther King Jr. wrote in his I Have a Dream speech:
“Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.”
Here he King urges his audience to return to their homes, continue their struggle, and remain hopeful for change. He is encouraging them to take action while giving them a sense of optimism.
Adhortatio
(ADvice)
A rhetorical device in which a word is repeated, but its meaning changes each time.
William Shakespeare’s Henry V:
“If we don’t hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.”
In this line, “hang” is used first to mean “stick together” and then to mean “be executed.”
Benjamin Franklin:
“Your argument is sound, nothing but sound.”
In this example, “sound” is used first to mean “logical” or “solid,” and then the second time, it means “empty noise.”
Antanaclasis
(Antana-“Class-Class”-is)
Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities:
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness…”
This famous opening line presents a series of opposing ideas (best vs. worst, wisdom vs. foolishness). This is an example of?
A. Anthithesis
B. Antiphrasis
Anthithesis
“She was the best player—no, the best person—I’ve ever met.”
-A rhetorical device where a speaker or writer deliberately amends or corrects something they’ve just said, either for emphasis or to refine the point.
Correctio
Act of commending or complementing a virtue especially in the hearers.
“You are all too good to be true. You all have genuine hearts and beautiful souls”
Comprobatio
(Complement)
Direct (Directly given) and bluntness of another person’s faults.
“You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!”
In this line found in Julius Ceasar, Marullus directly addresses the commoners, criticizing them for their lack of loyalty and sensibility.
Categoria
(Gor you?)
-harsh
Direct (Directly given) and bluntness of another person’s faults.
“You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!”
In this line found in Julius Ceasar, Marullus directly addresses the commoners, criticizing them for their lack of loyalty and sensibility.
Categoria
(Gor you?)
-harsh
Word in a context that differs from its proper application. Inappropriate use of words
“I biked a racket, like a horse, in my living room”
Catachresis
(“Tacha tacha” or pataka og gamit)
Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice:
“Do not let yourself be misled by appearances. Mr. Wickham’s charming manners are not to be trusted.”
-Advice with the use of a dissuasive statement
Dehortatio
Balancing or opposing fact to prevent the argument from being one sided
Example:
George Orwell’s Animal Farm:
“While some may argue that the new leadership is no better than the old regime, it is clear that the principles of equality and justice are being upheld more effectively.”
Dirimens Copulatio
(Not only… but also; not just… ought to)
Explicitly specifying explanation of such words ( By _____, I mean)
“She look a little older now, by older I mean more mature looking”
Distinctio
(Define)
Using of derogatory or unpleasant terms, no sugarcoating. Instead of saying “she was laid to rest” you say “She was shoved six feet into thee ground” or “not too smart” to “birdbrain”
Dysphemism
Stirring vehement feelings by mean of rhetorical questions.
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin:
“Are we not all one family, bound together by the common ties of humanity?”
Stowe uses this rhetorical question to provoke empathy and appeal to the reader’s sense of shared humanity.
Exuscitatio
Verbal depiction of someones body
Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice:
“She was a tall, elegant woman, with a graceful demeanor and a countenance that was both expressive and approachable.”
Effictio
(DEPICTio)
Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address:
“…that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
-Shows series of three parallel elements
Tricolon
Use of longer phrasing instead of direct manner; roundabout or beating around the bush
J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone:
“The boy who lived through the attack of the dark wizard and survived or “the boy who lived” when addressed by Voldemort
Periphrasis (Circumlocation)
Question then immediately answer it
Barack Obama’s Yes We Can speech:
“What do we want? We want change! How do we get it? By coming together and voting for the future.”
Hypophora
“Tanong mo, sagot mo”
“Hypo?Phora!”
Pair of contrasting words or phrases that express totality or completeness
“The heavens and the earth were created, the skies and the seas were filled with life.”
“Near and far; body and soul; life and death”
Merism
William Wordsworth’s Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey:
“I have wished for it, a thousand times, to be free from this mortal coil and to return to nature’s embrace.”
-displays wish, hope, prayer, desire
Optatio
(HOPEtatio)
Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities:
“She opened the door and her heart to the ragged boy.”
-One word that modifies two other words
Zeugma
(Zuha, duha)
Stylistics that changes forms and structures
Literary Schemes
Repetition of words or sequences of words in the beginning.
Winston Churchill’s speech during World War II:
“We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets…”
Anaphora
Three literary schemes that uses repetition
A.E.S
Anaphora- Beginning
Epiphora- End
Symploce- Beginning and End
Repetition of words or phrases in the end
“You should think about your actions, consider the consequences of your actions, and always reflect on how your actions affect others.”
Epiphora
Repetition in beginning and end
“Truth is like baked ham. Truth is like glazed ham. Truth is like chopped ham”
Symploce
The last word or phrase of the first or previous line, starts or begins the second line
“She opened the door to her heart, and her heart opened up to new possibilities.”
“When you love, love with all your heart”
Anadiplosis
(Ana diplosis, diplosis na)
Repetition of word with one or more between; repetition with interruptions
“Help, I’m drowning, help, help”
“God, oh God”
Diacope
(Di dayon2)
Repetition of the same word without interruption.
“LPT, LPT, LPT na”
“Please, please, please don’t prove I’m right”
Epizeuxis
Beginning word of clause or sentence also ends the same sentence.
“The king is dead; long live the king!”
A. Epanalepsis
B. Epenthesis
Epanalepsis
Successive words, phrases, clauses, or sentences in ascending order
“He loves his dog, his family, his country, and God”
Climax or Gradatio
Successive words, phrases, clauses, or sentences in descending order.
“For God, For Country, for yale”
Anti-climax or Bathos
Using one part of speech as another or is transformed to another
“The lady TURTLED along the road”
(Noun used as verb)
Anthimeria
Auntie Meria is a good cook (cook= from verb to noun)
Repeated Inverted Mirror image of the first words; repeat and invert the same words:
“Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.”
“You can take the boy out of the country, but you can’t take the country out of the boy.”
Antimetabole
(Auntie metabole, Metabole Auntie)
Repeat twice with equal length, rhythm, and structure
“Buy one, get one”
“More savings, more doing”
A. Iscolon
B. Tricolon
A. Isocolon
Use of several synonyms together to amplify given subject or term.
“She was happy, thrilled, and elated about the news.”
Synonymia or “Scesis Onomaton”
Needless repetition or redundancy; same thing twice in the same statement
“They hiked to the summit on top of the mountain”
“It’s 7 am in the morning”
A. Paragoge
B. Tautology
Tautology
Three figures of omission
A.S.A
Aphaeresis
Syncope
Apocope
Omission in the beginning of a word
“Against to gainst”
“Because to cause”
“It was to Twas”
Aphaeresis
Omission in the middle of a word
“Cam’ra”
“Fam’ly”
“Fav’rite”
“Mem”ry”
Syncope
Omission at the end of the word
“Lacoste to Lacost”
“Believing to believin”
Apocope
Three figures of addition
P. E. P
Prothesis
Epenthesis
Parogoge
(Plus)
Addition of letter or sound in the beginning
William Shakespeare’s The Tempest:
“A-morrow! Come thou, and thy mother too.”
In this line, “A-morrow” (meaning “tomorrow”) is used with the prefix “a-” to fit the meter of Shakespeare’s verse.
Prothesis
Addition in the middle of a word
Ex:
Athlete as “Athalete”
Jewelry as “jewelery”
Epenthesis
Repeat and invert but NOT the same word but the same grammatical structure
“We walked tiredly along the path, the road we tiredly walked”
“His time a moment and a point his space”
Chiasmus
Addition at the end of the word
Example:
Johnny for John
Deary for dear
Paragoge
