Stuttering Flashcards
stutter-like disfluencies (SLDs)
- repetitions
- prolongations
- blocks
- struggles and reactions
disfluency
involuntary disruptions in the flow of speech
repetitions
repeating parts of words
types of repetitions
- repeat phrases
- part word repetitions
- 1 syllable word repetitions
prolongations
stretching sounds
blocks
difficulty getting a word out
signs and symptoms of disfluencies
- interjection
- revision
- incomplete thought
- secondary behavior
interjections
adding sounds and words
revision
changing words in a sentence
secondary behavior examples
head nodding, eye blinking, word avoidance
causes of disfluency
- family history
- brain difference
- gender (boys more likely)
when does stuttering begin
between 2 and 6
typical disfluency age
≤ 6 months
what will an slp look at in stuttering
- disfluency type and number
- child’s reaction
- if child tries to fix or correct their speech
who does stutter treatment include
- the stutterer
- the family
- the educators
what does stutter treatment depend on
- how often the child stutters
- child’s reaction
- impact of the stutter
- how others react
- child’s age
preschooler stutter treatment
- direct strategies (help child change how they speak)
- indirect strategies (make it easier for the child to talk)
indirect strategy examples
slow speech, ask fewer questions
older children/adult stutter treatment
- manage stutter
- lessen anxiety
dysfluency
the disruption of the forward flow and timing of speech by repetition of sounds, syllables, words, sound prolongations, or blocking
fluency disorders
- developmental stammering
- acquired/late onset stammering
- atypical fluency disorders
- cluttering
cluttering
- speech organization disorder
- excessive normal disfluencies, little/no physical struggle when speaking, few secondary behaviors
- irregular speaking rate (pauses too short, long, or improperly placed)
- limited awareness of their fluency problems
- temporary improvement when asked to slow down/pay attention
- mispronunciation and slurring
fluency requirements
- hearing
- attention and listening skills
- expressive language
- receptive language
- articulation and phonology
- voice
- facilitative environment (no pressure)
typical dysfluencies
- repetitions
- revisions
- pauses
early stuttering
- sound repetitions, prolongations, blocks, or struggles
- secondary behaviors
differential diagnosis
total % of syllables stuttered
person considered a stutterer if …
- > 2% atypical dysfluencies
- > 10% typical dysfluencies
- negative response to stutter
atypical disfluencies
- autism spectrum disorder (palilalia, echolalia)
- acquired neurogenic/psychogenic stuttering (trauma induced)
palilalia definition and example
- instant repetition of a phrase or part of a phrase
- ex: I want to go to the shops…to the shops
echolalia
- repetition without meaning
- A: How are you? B: How are you?
