Normal Voice

Question 1

what is a normal voice

Answer 1

• normal feeling (abnormal feelings = strain in the throat when sick or voice disorder)
• age appropriate
• gender appropriate

Question 2

kinds of communication

Answer 2

• painting,
• drawing
• body language
• gestures
• singing
• behavior
• sign language

Question 3

myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of voice production

Answer 3

• myo = muscle
• elastic = mucosal layer + vocalis
• aerodynamic = air pressure + flow

Question 4

subsystems of speaking

Answer 4

• respiratory system (lungs)
• voicing (larynx)

Question 5

respiratory cycle

Answer 5

• inhalation
• exhalation
• phonation (voiced/voiceless)

Question 6

inhalation

Answer 6

• ribcage expands
• diaphragm lowers
• lower pressure = air drawn in

Question 7

exhalation

Answer 7

• elastic recoil
• diaphragm relaxes
• higher pressure = air pressed out

Question 8

is inhalation or exhalation relatively shorter in phonation

Answer 8

inhalation (exhalation is relatively longer)

Question 9

resonance

Answer 9

• sound waves are bouncing around our mouth
• amplification, richness, and voice quality

Question 10

what is responsible for voice uniqueness

Answer 10

resonance

Question 11

source-filter theory

Answer 11

• source = voice box
• filter = teeth, mouth, nose, sinus

Question 12

when speech goes wrong usually it is …

Answer 12

a nerve problem

Question 13

voicing muscle innervation

Answer 13

• recurrent laryngeal nerve
• except for cricothyroid (superior laryngeal nerve)

Question 14

vocal adduction muscles

Answer 14

• thyroarytenoid muscles
• lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
• inter-arytenoid muscles (transverse and oblique)

Question 15

vocal abduction muscle

Answer 15

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 16

pitch and tension muscles

Answer 16

• vocalis muscle
• cricothyroid muscle

Question 17

high amplitude (vocal fold appearance)

Answer 17

• vocal cords long, thin
• narrow glottis
• open and close faster

Question 18

low amplitude (vocal fold appearance)

Answer 18

• vocal cords short, fat
• wide glottis
• open and close slower

Question 19

cismale frequency range

Answer 19

100-140 Hz

Question 20

gender neutral frequency range

Answer 20

145-175 Hz

Question 21

cisfemale frequency range

Answer 21

180-220 Hz

Question 22

is asymmetry needed for a normal voice

Answer 22

no, asymmetry presents as a voice disorder

Question 23

periodicity

Answer 23

regular vocal fold movements

Question 24

when is periodicity not established

Answer 24

• initiation of voice
• stopping voice
• reduced breath support

Question 25

mucosal wave function

Answer 25

pliability of vocal folds

Question 26

result of a change in mucosal wave

Answer 26

abnormal voice

Question 27

why would the mucosal wave change

Answer 27

• stiffness (tissue change)
• mass effects (nodules)

Question 28

phonation

Answer 28

• breath
• voice
• resonance
• articulation