Sturcture And Bonding Flashcards
What are the three states of matter?
Solids
Liquids
Gases
What is the formation of particles in a solid?
The particles in a solid are:
Closely packed together
Vibrate around fixed positions
What is the formation of particles in a liquid?
The particles in a liquid are:
Close together
Can slide past each other in random motion
What is the formation of particles in a gas?
The particles in a gas are:
Free moving
Spaced out
In melting and boiling, where is energy transferred from?
Energy is transferred from the surroundings to the substance
In freezing and condensing, where is energy transferred from?
Energy is transferred from the substance to the surrounding
What group can the group 1 elements react with?
Group 7 elements. As they react, atoms of group 1 elements can lose an electron to gain a stable electronic structure. This can be given to an atom from group 7.
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic compounds are held together by strong forces of attraction between their oppositely charged ions.
What group can the group 2 elements react with?
Group 6 elements
Why do ionic compound have high melting points?
It takes a lot of energy to break the many strong ionic bonds, operating in all directions, that hold a giant ionic lattice together.
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when in water?
This is because their ions can then become mobile and can carry charge through the liquid.
Why are covalent bonds formed?
When atoms of non metals share pares of electrons with eacho other.
Substances made up simple molecules have low…?
Melting points and boiling points
Why cant simple molecules conduct electricity?
Simple molecules have no overall charge, so they cannot carry electrical charge.
Covalent bonded substances that have giant structures also have…?
Very high melting points and boiling points
Why can graphite conduct electricity and thermal energy?
This is because of the delocalised electrons that can move along its layers.
What is a fullerene?
Fullerenes are structures that join together to make large hollow cages, which can have all sorts of shapes.
What is graphene?
Graphene is a single layer of graphite and is just one atom thick. It is able to conduct electricity.
What is metallic bonding?
Positively charged metal ions, which are held together by electrons from the outermost shell of each metal atom. These delocalised electrons are free to move throughout the giant metallic lattice.
Why can metals be bent and shaped?
Because the layers of atoms in a giant metallic structure can slide over each other.
Why are alloys harder than pure metals?
Because the regular layers in a pure metal are distorted by atoms of different sizes in an alloy.
