stuff you need to know

Question 1

gender bias

Answer 1

• andocentrism - male dominated
• alpha bias- differences acknoweldge one more powerful than the other, freud
• beta bias- differneces not acknoweldged - fight or flight, shelly taylor tend and befriend
• rosenthal
• cornwell et al - women are better and are more attentive
  hare mustin and marcek - argue equalityey between men and owmen neutral actions end up benefitting the group with the power

Question 2

cultural bias

Answer 2

alpha bias - differences takano and osaka
beta bias - western IQ tests, what we define as intelligence

enthocentrism - looking into the other cultures from your own perspective
alphas - idnividual and collectivist cultures
beta - iq tests

universality - looking from the culture from there own ideas and trends

• alpha - ignore universal trends - for example ignore, gender differneces and aggressiveness margeret mead
• beta - how we define metnal health
• Henrich et al 67% american psychologist students, more than 4000 times more likley to be chosen than a random non westerner
• Smith and Bond books in psychology

Question 3

free will and determinism

Answer 3

• biological determinism - genetic influence for example research on intelligence IGFR2
• psychic determinsim - freunds psychoanalystic theory of personailty – erogneous zones and fixating
• environemental determinism - learn all behaviouir =- ibehaviour is caused by previous experience learning theory
  scientific
• independent and dependent variable, cause and effect

free will

• humansitc psychology
• moral responsibilty
• BF skinner
• libet et al, Trevena and miller
• Dennet et al -

Question 4

nature v nurture

Answer 4

nature

• genetic - twin and adoption studies, concordance rates - scizophrenia
• evolutionary explanations
• based on principle that a behaviour or a characterstiv that promotes survival and reproduction will be naturally selected Bowlby - adaptive attachment- more likley to survive

nurture

• behaviourism
• social learning theory
• double blind
• Plomin et al - reactive gene envronment, passive influence, active influence
• maguire et al and blackemore and coopers

Question 5

Holism and reductionism

Answer 5

reducstionsm

• levels of reductionism
• biological reductionism - genetics neurotransmiters, genes - schizophrenia
• environemtnal - attachment mothers love based on food
• experimental

holism

• Gestal;t psychlogy - perception see things as a whole
• humansitic - lack of wholeness leads to a mental disroder
• cognitive - made up of connectionist networks
• Wolpe
• findings from loftus and palmer not always confirmed
• martin et al
• dualist approach

Question 6

iodigraphic and nomothetic

Answer 6

• focuses on the idividual
• qualitative methods - gain insight into huamn behaviour by studying unique individuals, quality rather than quantity
• hans
• Allport and Jenny
• nomoetic - universal behavioural laws
• quantitative
• eyeneck epq personality test - large amount of data and used to identify persoanlity types
• behavioruist
• biological
• cognitive - general laws of behaviour
• allport
• holt
• milon and Davis