stuff to know Flashcards
Is it necessary to add sulfuric acid during the oxidation of alcohols
yes because acidified potassium dichromate is used as an oxidising agent
After forming a carboxylic acid under reflux, why does it have to be distilled further?
at the top of the reflux column, there still is some acidified potassium dichromate so needs to be distilled
Why do hydrogen atoms not appear in an electron density map produced by X-ray diffraction?
they have low electron density
Explain the convergence of lines in a hydrogen emission spectrum
energy levels are closer together at higher energy
How does changing concentration affect electrode potential?
Changes in temperature, pressure or concentration will effectively change the position of the redox equilibrium and hence the electrode potential of the half-cell. If the position of equilibrium is shifted in favour of the reduction reaction, the electrode potential becomes more positive and cell potential increases
Explain the presence and relative abundance of multiple peaks on the mass spectrometry
- represents the isotopes of element
- the molecule is diatomic so the largest peak represents both elements
- the last peak is the least abundant
Equipment to measure volume in titrations
- graduated pippette
- volumetric pipette
- burette