stuff i need to study a lot Flashcards
In the citric acid cycle, which 2 enzymes are heavily regulated and thus irreversible?
ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE
ALPHAKETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE
Which enzyme of the citric acid cycle is also part of the electron transport chain?
SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE
Which subunit of PDH can be regulated by PDH kinase?
E1
PDH kinase is activated by…..
acetyl-coA
PDH kinase is inhibited by…
pyruvate
PDH phosphatase is stimulated by….
CALCIUM
What are 2 other metabolic pathways of the citric acid cycle?
fatty acid synthesis
conversion of amino acids to krebs cycle intermediates
Give 2 examples of amino acids that can be converted into krebs cycle intermediates
glutamate can be converted to alpha ketoglutarate
aspartate can be converted to oxaloacetate
What are the 2 steps of fermentation?
- pyruvate—> acetaldehyde + CO2
- Acetaldehyde+NADH<–>NAD+ + ethanol
Write the formula for lactate formation
pyruvate + NADH –> lactate + NAD+
catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase
2 allosteric regulators of PFK
fructose-2,3-biphosphate (activator) (or 2,6?)
citrate (negative
Pyruvate kinase is regulated by….
allosteric activator = product of PFK: Fructose-1,6-biphosphate
covalent:
inhibitor: protein kinase A
activator: protein phosphatase
What molecule is made from an intermediate molecule of glycolysis and stimulates the release of oxygen from hemoglobin?
2,3 BPG
What is the michaelis menten equation?
vi = vmax[S]/km + [S]
Vmax=
kcat * [E]tot
