Stuff I got wrong or helpful information Flashcards
What plane is the appendix in?
interspinous
What incision is made for a appendix removal
gridline
What happens if you cut the iliohypogastric n?
IO and TA motor deficits
What spinal root is the genitofemoral nerve?
L1 + L2
what are esophageal varices?
dilated submucosal venous sinuses
Barrett’s esophagus puts you at higher risk for what?
Adenocarcinoma
What does each of the following do?
Surface Mucous Cells Mucous Neck Cells Parietal Cells Chief Cells G cells
secretes alkaline fluid with mucin
secretes acid fluid with mucin
secretes intrinsic factor with HCl
secretes pepsinogen and gastric lipase
secretes gastrin
What are the invaginations of the mucosa/submucosa of small and large intestine?
crypts of leiberkuhn
What cells, present in crypts, have the primary role of absorption?
Enterocytes
if something has jaundice in the question, which ligament are you probably looking towards?
hepatoduodenal because of the bile duct
What do D cells secrete?
Somatostatin
what releases CCK?
enteroendocrine cells of the jejunum
what would happen if you got rid of all the chief cells?
elevated levels of undigested proteins
what color are parietal and chief cells?
pink and purple respectively
What do parietal cells secrete?
what do chief cells secrete?
what do G cells secrete?
intrinsic factor and HCl
Pepsinogen and gastric lipase
Gastrin, which stimulates production of HCL by parietal cells
What is somatostatin produced by?
D cells
If you have an over expression of each one of these, what is going to happen for breaking oral tolerance?
IL-10 + TGFB
IL-4
IL6 + IFNG
IL-10 + TGFB would make more Treg, which would be super tough to break oral tolerance
IL-4 stimulates more TH2 cells, which would break it.
IL-6, IFN-gamma both would create more TH1 and TH17, which would suppress TH2, so no oral tolerance breaking
normal stomach pH?
duodenum to ileum?
skin?
1-2
6-7.4
5.5
Where is FCsigmaRI do?
a marker only found on tissue mast cells and basophils as a high-affinity Fc receptor for IgE.
what is a hallmark transcription factor that Treg cells represent?
Th2?
Th17?
Th1?
FoxP3
Gata2
Ror(gamma)t
T-bet
High percentage of children have what associated with cow milk?
no IgE specific allergy, so it would by type 3 or type 4.
CCL3 is associated with what?
chemotaxis
What do food allergens have that drive IgE responses?
HLA class 2
What happens physiologically during anaphylaxis
smooth muscle contraction
lowered BP
constriction of airways
release of prostaglandins and leukotriene
