stuff i don't know Flashcards
Haitian revolution
MPR
M-otives: harsh conditions of slavery, racial discrimination, influence of enlightenment ideals
P-rocess: slave uprising in French colony in present-day Haiti. Included slave uprisings, battles
R-esults: diplomatic negotiations and Haiti became first independent black republic in the world, inspired many colonial uprisings around the world
French revolution
MPR
M-otives: economic and financial crisis, social inequality, political corruption
P-rocess: popular uprisings, reforms, excecution of King Louis XVI, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen: revolutionary ideals of liberty, equality, inspired reforms throughout the world
R-esults: establishment of a republic in 1792, spread of revolutionary ideals (nationalism, democracy, rights of man)
American Revolution
MPR
M-otives: British attempts to assert great control (taxes and trade regulations) and there was a growing sense of American nationalism and identity
P-rocess: protests, boycotts (boston tea party which protested British taxation without representation resulting in Coercive Acts intended to restore British authority)
R-esults: US as independent nation, inspired other movements for independence and democracy
Suez Crisis (1956)
After Nasser (Egyptian president) nationalized the Suez canal, Israel, Britain, and France invaded. They were defeated which increased Egypt’s attitude against colonization.
Congo Crisis (1960-1966)
Congo gained independence from Belgium. BUT there was a fight for control of the country, there was a long period of instability and conflict.
Kenyan Independence (1963)
Gained independence from Britain after a long struggle, led by Jomo Kenyatta and Kenyan African National Union
Ghanaian Independence (1957)
First African colony to gain independence from European rule
Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962)
Gained independence from France after an eight year war.
Indian Independence (1947)
Gained independence from Britain after long struggle. Led by Mahatma Gandhi and Indian National Congress
Main ideas of Great Depression’s effect on Europe
High unemployment rates, widespread poverty, social unrest.
Contributed to rise of extremist political movements (communism and fascism), and the outbreak of WW2.
Great Depression’s effect on the Americas
Economic crisis, unemployment, decline in industrial production.
Contributed to the rise of political movements and growth of state intervention in the economy
Great Depression’s effect on Asia
decreased demand for Asian exports, declined trade due to collapse in commodity prices.
LED TO…
Widespread unemployment, political instability, social unrest and poverty
Spanish Empire from 1450-1750
- Reconquista- military campaigns to recapture land from the Muslims
- Viceroyalties- officials ruling in name of viceroys (governor)
- Our Lady of Guadalupe- virgin Mary who appeared near Mexico City
- Encomiendas- labor system awarding Christians with labor from non-Christians
What were some challenges to state power in 1450-1750?
- Jamaican Maroons and Queen Nanny
- Tokugawa leyasu- Japanese military leader who reunified Japan
Who was “Queen Nanny”?
Leader of the Jamaican Maroons, which were enslaved Africans who ran away
Sepoy Rebellion 1857
revolt of Sepoy troops in British India, refused to use cartridges, imprisoned in response
Tupac Amaru
leader of Incan holdout against Spanish rule
N.A.T.O. and Warsaw pact after cold war
NATO (1949): alliance to provide security against Soviet union
Warsaw pact: defense treaty started by Soviet Union (basically the same thing but for the other side)
How did the league of nations fail?
Failed main purpose which was to prevent world war. After ww2 this became obvious.
Dissolved: 1946
Absolutism
political doctrine
unlimited centralized authority,
monarch or dictator- autocracy, dictatorship
less influence of church and nobility
Oligarchy
gov held by small group of people, usually most powerful people run state
form of dictatorship
What was the radical stage of the French rev
monarchy abolished and radicals gained control
creation of a republic
king executed for treason and crimes against state
John Locke
laissez faire, market would generate “naturally” based on individual self-interest and benefit the PEOPLE
enlightenment thought
**natural law focused more, religious toleration
Adam Smith
laissez faire, will benefit the COUNTRY
said serving own self interest would lead to needs of whole society met
father of MODERN ECONOMICS
“wealth of nations” book
Berlin conference: purpose and results
SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA
1885-1910
partitioning of Africa among Europe countries and US
Napoleonic code
1804
revision and reorganization of laws in FRANCE
addressed matters related to property and families
Sadler report
GREAT BRITAIN
report highlighting poor working conditions in factories and excessive hours for children
RESULTED in Factory act of 1833, limiting hours
Aswan Dam
since 1970s/80s
created tensions and contributed to COLD WAR
rock fill dam at northern border between Egypt and Sudan
Ukranian Holodomer
great FAMINE due to STALIN’S destroying of the Ukrainian peasantry and intellectual/cultural elites to prevent them seeking independence for Ukraine
Appeasment: what is it and when did it occur
avoiding war
WW2: britain’s policy in 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand to avoid war, seen as a primary cause of war bc Britain allowed Hitler to become more aggressive through B’s foreign policies and willingness to appease Nazi Germany
Containment: what is it and when did it occur
keeping something harmful under control/within limits
COLD WAR: foreign policiy by US, stating Communism needed to be contained/isolated
Turkey vs Iran
Turkey= westernize
Iran= against Western culture, stayed traditional
1947 plan
UN partition plan for Palestine, divided into two independent states (Palestinian Arab and other Jewish)
Berlin wall
related to COLD WAR to prevent further capitalist influence from W Berlin
barrier built by COMMUNIST gov of EAST Berlin to prevent access from East Berlin to West Berlin from 1961 to 1989
Apartheid
“apartness” policy that governed relations between S Africa’s white minority and nonwhite majority
Late 20th century
legalized racial segregation and political/economic discrimination against nonwhites
laissez faire
opposes gov intervention
translates to “leave alone”
not modernization
Nuremburg trials
held by Allies in ww2 against representatives of defeated Nazi Germany for plotting invasions and other crimes
result of Vietnam War
US agreed to withdraw and South (capitalist, supported by US) surrendered to North and became united
1975
communists won
Why did the UN form
1945 after ww2 to maintain peace
