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Single Herbs > Stuff from sombody else > Flashcards

Stuff from sombody else Flashcards

All sorts of facts related to first quiz material. (Mostly written by someone else)

1
Q

What are the three categories of herbs in Materia Medica?

A

upper- which nourishes life
middle- which nourishes constitution
lower- which expels disease

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2
Q

What are the 4 actions of herbs?

A

rising, falling, floating, sinking

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3
Q

What are the 5 tastes?

A

sweet, bitter, sour, salty, acrid

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4
Q

effect of sweet?

A
  • tonify, harmonize and sometimes moisten
  • travels in the flesh
  • enters the SP
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5
Q

effect of acrid?

A
  • disperse and move
  • travels in qi
  • enters lungs
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6
Q

effect of bitter?

A
  • drain and dry
  • travels in bones
  • enters heart
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7
Q

effect of sour?

A
  • astringent and prevent or reverse abnormal leakage
  • travels in sinews
  • enters Liver
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8
Q

effect of salty?

A
  • purge and soften
  • travels in blood
  • enters KD
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9
Q

effect of bland?

A

leach out dampness and promote urination

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10
Q

What are the 8 therapeutic methods?

A
  • promote sweating, induce vomiting, purge, harmonize

- warm, clearing, tonify, reduce

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11
Q

mutual accentuation

A

combine 2 substances with similar functions to accentuate their therapeutic actions

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12
Q

mutual enhancement

A

combine 2 substances with different actions, one substance enhances other in specific clinical situation

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13
Q

mutual counteraction

A

combination in which toxicity or side effects of one substance are reduced or eliminated by another substance

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14
Q

mutual suppression

A

same as mutual counteraction but emphasis on substance that performs the action

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15
Q

mutual antagonism

A

ability of 2 substances to minimize or neutralize each others positive effects

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16
Q

mutual incompatibility

A

combination of 2 substances gives rise to side effects or toxicity that would not be caused by either substance when used alone

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17
Q

single effect

A

use of one medicinal substance to treat a patient

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18
Q

preparation methods which utilize heat

A
  • dry-frying, frying with liquids, calcining

- quick-frying, dry curing or baking, roasting in ashes

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19
Q

define process of dry-frying

A

browning is used to dry the herbs for storage

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20
Q

define process of calcining

A

placing a substance directly or indirectly in the flames until it is thoroughly heated and turns red

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21
Q

define process of quick-frying

A

the herb is fried at an extremely high temperature until it becomes dark brown or cracked

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22
Q

define process of dry curing or baking

A

form of drying that uses a slow, mild heat to avoid charring the herb.

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23
Q

define process of roasting in ashes

A

wrapping the herb in a moistened paper, paste or mud, and heating it in hot cinders until the coating is charred or cracked and its insides have reached a high temperature

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24
Q

4 methods utilizing both heat and water

A

steaming, boiling, quenching, simmering

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25
Q

define process of aqeous trituration

A

minerals are ground with water until reduced to an extremely find powder

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26
Q

define process of steaming

A

steaming and then drying the herbs in the sun

27
Q

define process of quenching

A

certain medicinal substances are heated and then immediately immersed in cold water or vinegar

28
Q

define process of simmering

A

the herb is reduced to a thickened liquid or syrup by boiling in several changes of water, collecting the supernatants, and then condensing and solidifying it into a gel

29
Q

methods of delivery

A
  • boiled powders or drafts, pills, powders

- special vermillion pills, syrups, plasters, medicinal wines

30
Q

3 types of substances to decoct first before adding other ingredients

A
  • toxic herbs
  • minerals and shells
  • lightweight substances when used in a large dosage
31
Q

herbs to be added to the decoction near end

A

aromatic

32
Q

herbs to be decocted in a gauze

A

herbs with cilia (fine, hair-like structures),
small seeds, some minerals,
some formulas that are ground before they are decocted

33
Q

herbs to be decocted separately or simmered

A

rare or expensive substances so you may obtain the maximum effect

34
Q

herbs to be dissolved in the strained decoction

A

highly viscous or sticky substances can not be decocted with other ingredients. (may stick to pot or other substances)

35
Q

herbs taken with the strained decoction

A

some expensive or aromatic herbs are ground into a powder and then taken first, followed by the strained decoction

36
Q

Ma Huang channels entered

A

lung and bladder

37
Q

dosage of ma huang

A

2-9g (low dosage)

38
Q

plant part of ma huang

A

stem or herba

39
Q

cautions or contraindications of ma huang

A
  • deficiency with sweating
  • wheezing due to KD deficiency
  • high blood pressure
  • CI: do not use with cardiac glycosides
40
Q

properties of ma huang

A

-acrid, slightly bitter, warm

41
Q

toxicity of ma huang

A
  • potentially lethal

- toxic dosage is 30-45g

42
Q

actions of ma huang

A
  • induces sweating and releases exterior
  • facilities LU qi, calms wheezing, stops cough
  • promotes urination and reduces edema
  • warms and disperses cold pathogens
43
Q

indications of ma huang

A
  • invasion of wind-cold: chills, fever, H/A, absence of sweating, tight, floating pulse
  • coughing and wheezing due to wind cold obstructing the LU qi
  • esp edema that accompanies an exterior condition
  • bi (wind-damp painful obstruction) and deep rooted toxic sores w/o a head
44
Q

properties of shi gao

A

sweet, acrid, very cold

45
Q

channels entered by shi gao

A

LU and ST

46
Q

dosage of shi gao

A

15-60g (high dosage)

47
Q

cautions and indication of shi gao

A

CI: def of SP/ST
CI: yin def w/ fever

48
Q

toxicity of shi gao

A

none

49
Q

actions of shi gao

A
  • clears heat and drains fire
  • clears heat from excess from LU
  • clears blazing ST fire
  • eczema, burns and ulcerated sores
50
Q

indications of shi gao

A
  • 4 bigs:pulse, fever, thirst sweating
  • cough and wheezing
  • H/A, toothache, swollen and painful gums due to HT fire
  • applied in powdered form after being calcinated and mixed w/other herbs
51
Q

properties of xing ren

A

bitter, slightly warm, slightly toxic

52
Q

channels entered by xing ren

A

LU and LI

53
Q

dosage of xing ren

A

3-9g (low dosage)

54
Q

cautions and CI of xing ren

A

caution-cough due to yin def
-diarrhea
CI: infants, everyone should avoid overdose (toxicity)

55
Q

toxicity of xing ren

A
  • potentially lethal

- toxic dosage=children 10-20 seeds, adults 40-60 seeds, fatal dosage= 50-120 seeds

56
Q

actions of xing ren

A
  • stops cough and calms wheezing

- moistens the intestines and unblocks the bowels

57
Q

indications of xing ren

A
  • used for a wide variety of cough disorders

- 2nd use derived from it high oil content

58
Q

properties of gan cao

A

unprepared - sweet, neutral

dry-fried- sweet, warm

59
Q

channels entered by gan cao

A

all 12 channels, principally LU, HT, SP, ST

60
Q

dosage of gan cao

A

1.5 -9g, 15-30g is acceptable (high dosage)

61
Q

cautions and CI of gan cao

A

CI- chest/abdomen distention/ fullness, vomiting due to dampness
caution- avoid long-term use for patients w/edema, hypertension, hypokalemia, or congestive heart failure
-traditional- do not use w/jing da ji, gan sui, yuan hua, hai zao

62
Q

toxicity of gan cao

A

sx: long term use- salt retention, hypertension, spasms/numbness, dizzy, H/A
- allergic reactions: skin rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anaphylactic shock

63
Q

actions of gan cao

A
  • clears heat and resolves fire toxicity
  • an antidote for toxic substances (both internally &externally)
  • moderates & harmonizes the characteristics of other herbs
  • tonifies SP & augments qi
  • moistens LU and stops cough
  • moderates spasms & alleviates pain
64
Q

indications of gan cao

A
  • (unprepared) -carbuncles, sores or sore throat
  • poisining
  • guiding herb to 12 channels
  • SP Qi def, and Qi & blood def (irregular pulse/palps)
  • cough & wheezing, heat or cold conditions
  • spasms of legs & abdomen

Single Herbs (18 decks)

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