Studying Unit 4 Flashcards
voting rights act of 1965
federal government can intervene when voter discrimination occurs
civil rights act of 1964
prohibits discrimination based off of sex, race, religion, and national origin
5th amendment
right to an indictment by a grand jury, due process, from self incrimination, from double jeopardy, and from uncompensated eminent domain
clauses in fourteenth amendment
equal protection and due process clause
what document protects you from government interference and tyranny
the bill of rights
establishment clause
no government indorsement of religion and separation church and state
separation of church and state
no government interference on religion
speech unprotected by first amendment
slander, treason, fighting words, imminent lawless action, true threats, speech that breaks laws
treason
betraying ones country
fighting words
speech intended to provoke a fight (dormant)
incitement of imminent lawless action
speech intended to cause immediate violence or harm
true threats
intimidating or threatening speech causing fear or implying harm
speech that breaks laws
any speech that breaks existing laws
obscenity
content that is offensive or disgusting, which is not protected by the freedom of the press (dormant)
probably cause
what law enforcement officials must prove to a judge to obtain a search warrant
what does the 6th amendment guarantee the accused
the right to have legal representation, witnesses in ones defense, know who’s accusing, of what they are accusing you, their charges, and to be tried by ones peers
how to determine what “excessive” means in the 8th amendment
the penalty or punishment must agree with the crime, and if not, it is deemed as excessive
voting election amendments
17, 19, 23, 24, 26
selective incorporation
must apply bill of rights to the states, as originally it only applied to the federal government
14th amendment
due process and equal protection under the law
why are civil liberties restricted at school
educational mission must not be interfered with, in loco parentis, children do not have the same rights as adults
brown v board of education
began desegregation (through schools) and deemed separate but equal as unconstitutional
why wasnt brown v board of education very impactful
desegregation was to occur “with all deliberate speed,” which was very vague, there was no timeline, and no enforcement of it
why was emmet till’s case so important
it was well publicized, violent, and showed wrong decisions in courts
where are most civil rights found
14th amendment
how has federal law expanded civil rights
laws were passed to protect from discrimination from others since the 1960s
who do civil rights apply to
everyone
what does freedom of press prevent
censorship and prior restraint
prior restraint
banning speech before it happens
what does freedom of assembly allow
gather peacefully and to join organizations
what were those in tinker v des moines protesting
the vietnam war
due process clause
cannot deprive life, liberty, or property without due process of the law
equal protection clause
cannot deny equal protection of laws to anyone
why was the 26th amendment passed
the young drafts of the vietnam war
what else does the 12th amendment do
established the procedure if no one gets the number of electoral votes (house of representatives)
what else does the 20th amendment do
states that congress must meet once a year
why was the 22nd amendment passed
FDR’s 4 term presidency
why was the 25th amendment passed
JFK’s assassination
where do civil liberties come from
bill of rights
where do civil rights mainly come from
14th amendment
do civil liberties or rights limit the government
liberties
do civil liberties or rights empower the government
rights
are civil rights or liberties guarenteed
civil liberties
are civil rights or liberties unable to be denied
civil rights
jim crow laws
laws requiring and codifying segregation
why did plessy sue
LA railroad ejected him for sitting in a whites only car
executive order 9981
desegregated armed forces
open housing act of 1968
prohibits discrimination in selling and renting homes
equal employment opportunity act of 1972
prohibits discrimination in hiring and employment practices and employers receiving federal funding must have affirmative action policies
americans with disabilities act of 1990
prevents discrimination on the basis of disability
actual malice
knowingly spreading false information about public figures
what part of the constitution was the center for plessy’s argument
the equal protection clause in the 14th amendment
