Chapter 2 Studying Flashcards
in the two treatises of government, john locke explains that the “state of nature” is…
a state of perfect freedom and equality
in the two treatises on government, how does john locke feel about the “state of nature”
it is dangerous, as people may have malicious intent with too much freedom
what grievance did the declaration of independence not state
the french and indian war
what was the time period in which william and mary took power from king james III called
the glorious revolution
what year was the glorious revolution
1688
what did the english bill of rights do
made parliament superior to the monarch
when you have more exports than imports, it is said that you have…
a favorable balance of trades
which colonial region had the most important ports
middle
what is precedent the basis of
english common law
who were america’s first universities made for
ministers
was slavery only utilized in the south
no
what all occurred because of the intolerable acts
revoked the massachusettes bay colony charter, issued martial law in massachusettes, closed the boston harbor, lost all rights to self govern
what happened at the second constitutional convention
draft of the declaration of independence
what was support for independence like after the battle of lexington and concord
far from unanimous
what followed the tea act
the boston tea party
what did william and mary sign to become the rulers
the english bill of rights
what was agreed upon at the first continental congress
people would strongly boycott british goods
who was forced to sign the magna carta
king john
what was king henry VIII known for
changing england from catholic to protestant
when did the enlightenment occur
during the glorious revolution and american revolution
what was the colonists response to the intolerable acts
the first continental congress
how did americans respond to the stamp act
they formed the stamp act congress and boycotted british goods
what year was the magna carta signed
1215
did the magna carta establish parliament
no
what was significant about the magna carta
it was the first document to put limits on a monarch and it was a foundational document for many modern democracies
how was king john’s power restricted by the magna carta
it made him a subject to the law
why was king john’s power restricted
people believed he was abusing his power
how is the US legislature similar to parliament
bicameral; one chamber is more permanent and prestigious while the other is less permanent and prestigious and is intended for common representation
what was the result of the glorious revolution
william and mary replaced king james II, they signed the english bill of rights, and england became a constitutional monarchy
what powers did the english bill of rights give parliament
final law-making authority and it made it the main ruling power of england
what does precedent do for the english common law system
it gave it more consistency over time
explain john locke’s philosophies and ideas
natural rights: life, liberty, propery
social contract between people and government
right to revolution
popular sovereignty: government derives its powers from the consent of the governed
explain jean-jacques rousseau’s ideas and philosophies
right to revolution, mainly social contract, popular sovereignty
explain montesquieu’s ideas and philosophies
separation of powers and checks and balances within government
why did english colonists seek to settle in the new world
new economic opportunity and religious regions
where was the mayflower compact signed
abord the mayflower
who signed the mayflower compact
people on board the mayflower who planned to reside and form the plymouth colony
what did the mayflower compact establish
direct democracy in plymouth
how were different colonial governments similar
they were based on english government principles, had a charter that established a government, gave government the authority over the people, and had a governer
compact
an agreement, or contract, among a group of people
what was america’s first written constitution
the fundamental orders of connecticut
how does mercantilism work
when a country has colonies in many places, it uses them to gather as many resources as possible to enrich the mother country. colonies can only trade with the mother country. they export the raw materials to the mother country and they are turned into finished goods and resold to the colonies
how did mercantilism fuel rebellion
it made colonists start to try to find a way around economic restrictions
what goods did britain tax
paper, tea, paint, glass, etc
what else did the townshend acts do
allowed british agents to search private homes for smuggled goods and it enabled the bits of attainder, meaning sentences were now allowed to be passed without trial
what was the purpose of the first continental congress
for colonial representatives to meet and discuss what to do about britain’s abuse
who forced king john to sign the magna carta
english barons
what did the magna carta state and force
monarch must recognize property rights, respect legal procedures (right to trial), and the king is to be bound by law
what was parliament initially (before 1300s)
a group of people who worked with the king and helped govern
two houses of parliament
the house of lords and the house of commons
what church did king henry VIII split from and what church did he create
roman catholic church and he created the anglican church
why did king henry VIII leave the roman catholic church
he wanted to divorce his wife for Anne Boleyn, the pope refused, so he created the anglican church, which made england protestant and the monarch the head of the church, and he divorced his wife
why was king james so unpopular
he was catholic and he suspended parliament
when was the english bill of rights signed
1689
where was the first english colony
jamestown, va
what was the first legislature in the colonise
the virginia house of burgesses
what was the albany plan of union
when delegates from seven colonies met and debated forming a federal union for mutual protection, which failed, but served as inspiration for future plans
seven years war vs french and indian war
the seven years war was fought globally with britain and france, while the french and indian war was the specific portion fought in north america
describe the stamp act
people had to buy expensive stamps for all the paper products they purchased, it was repealed due to boycott and the son’s of liberty’s tar and feathering of the tax collectors
describe the declaratory act
stated that britain was allowed to tax the colonies whenever they wanted, and the colonies couldn’t do anything about it
describe the townshend acts
tax on important goods (glass, tea, lead, paint, paper), allowed british agents to search homes for smuggled goods, bill of attainder
direct vs indirect tax
direct tax is a tax on something the customer personally pays for (internal) and indirect tax is present on a good before purchase (external)
describe the boston massacre
boston members were harassing british soldiers, making them fire into the crowd of protestors, killing 5, and it was publicized for anti-british intent
describe the tea act
only british tea was allowed to be sold at low prices (in comparison to smugglar tea prices)
describe the boston tea party
in the middle of the night, a group dressed in native american attire dumped 342 chests of tea into the boston harbor as a result of the tea act
joint-stock company
investors provide partial ownership in a company organized for profit
enlightenment
movement that spread the idea that reason and science could improve society
what put mercantilism in place
the navigation acts
describe the navigation acts
they stated that the colonies were only allowed to trade with the british
timeline
mercantilism, navigation act, seven years war, end of salutary neglect, proclamation of 1763, stamp act, declaratory act, quartering act, townshend acts, boston massacre, tea act, boston tea party, intolerable acts, 1st continental congress, battle of lexington and concord, 2nd continental congress, common sense, declaration of independence
