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Honors Civics > Chapter 2 Studying > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Studying Flashcards

1
Q

in the two treatises of government, john locke explains that the “state of nature” is…

A

a state of perfect freedom and equality

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2
Q

in the two treatises on government, how does john locke feel about the “state of nature”

A

it is dangerous, as people may have malicious intent with too much freedom

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3
Q

what grievance did the declaration of independence not state

A

the french and indian war

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4
Q

what was the time period in which william and mary took power from king james III called

A

the glorious revolution

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5
Q

what year was the glorious revolution

A

1688

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6
Q

what did the english bill of rights do

A

made parliament superior to the monarch

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7
Q

when you have more exports than imports, it is said that you have…

A

a favorable balance of trades

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8
Q

which colonial region had the most important ports

A

middle

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9
Q

what is precedent the basis of

A

english common law

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10
Q

who were america’s first universities made for

A

ministers

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11
Q

was slavery only utilized in the south

A

no

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12
Q

what all occurred because of the intolerable acts

A

revoked the massachusettes bay colony charter, issued martial law in massachusettes, closed the boston harbor, lost all rights to self govern

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13
Q

what happened at the second constitutional convention

A

draft of the declaration of independence

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14
Q

what was support for independence like after the battle of lexington and concord

A

far from unanimous

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15
Q

what followed the tea act

A

the boston tea party

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16
Q

what did william and mary sign to become the rulers

A

the english bill of rights

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17
Q

what was agreed upon at the first continental congress

A

people would strongly boycott british goods

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18
Q

who was forced to sign the magna carta

A

king john

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19
Q

what was king henry VIII known for

A

changing england from catholic to protestant

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20
Q

when did the enlightenment occur

A

during the glorious revolution and american revolution

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21
Q

what was the colonists response to the intolerable acts

A

the first continental congress

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22
Q

how did americans respond to the stamp act

A

they formed the stamp act congress and boycotted british goods

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23
Q

what year was the magna carta signed

A

1215

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24
Q

did the magna carta establish parliament

A

no

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25
Q

what was significant about the magna carta

A

it was the first document to put limits on a monarch and it was a foundational document for many modern democracies

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26
Q

how was king john’s power restricted by the magna carta

A

it made him a subject to the law

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27
Q

why was king john’s power restricted

A

people believed he was abusing his power

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28
Q

how is the US legislature similar to parliament

A

bicameral; one chamber is more permanent and prestigious while the other is less permanent and prestigious and is intended for common representation

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29
Q

what was the result of the glorious revolution

A

william and mary replaced king james II, they signed the english bill of rights, and england became a constitutional monarchy

30
Q

what powers did the english bill of rights give parliament

A

final law-making authority and it made it the main ruling power of england

31
Q

what does precedent do for the english common law system

A

it gave it more consistency over time

32
Q

explain john locke’s philosophies and ideas

A

natural rights: life, liberty, propery
social contract between people and government
right to revolution
popular sovereignty: government derives its powers from the consent of the governed

33
Q

explain jean-jacques rousseau’s ideas and philosophies

A

right to revolution, mainly social contract, popular sovereignty

34
Q

explain montesquieu’s ideas and philosophies

A

separation of powers and checks and balances within government

35
Q

why did english colonists seek to settle in the new world

A

new economic opportunity and religious regions

36
Q

where was the mayflower compact signed

A

abord the mayflower

37
Q

who signed the mayflower compact

A

people on board the mayflower who planned to reside and form the plymouth colony

38
Q

what did the mayflower compact establish

A

direct democracy in plymouth

39
Q

how were different colonial governments similar

A

they were based on english government principles, had a charter that established a government, gave government the authority over the people, and had a governer

40
Q

compact

A

an agreement, or contract, among a group of people

41
Q

what was america’s first written constitution

A

the fundamental orders of connecticut

42
Q

how does mercantilism work

A

when a country has colonies in many places, it uses them to gather as many resources as possible to enrich the mother country. colonies can only trade with the mother country. they export the raw materials to the mother country and they are turned into finished goods and resold to the colonies

43
Q

how did mercantilism fuel rebellion

A

it made colonists start to try to find a way around economic restrictions

44
Q

what goods did britain tax

A

paper, tea, paint, glass, etc

45
Q

what else did the townshend acts do

A

allowed british agents to search private homes for smuggled goods and it enabled the bits of attainder, meaning sentences were now allowed to be passed without trial

46
Q

what was the purpose of the first continental congress

A

for colonial representatives to meet and discuss what to do about britain’s abuse

47
Q

who forced king john to sign the magna carta

A

english barons

48
Q

what did the magna carta state and force

A

monarch must recognize property rights, respect legal procedures (right to trial), and the king is to be bound by law

49
Q

what was parliament initially (before 1300s)

A

a group of people who worked with the king and helped govern

50
Q

two houses of parliament

A

the house of lords and the house of commons

51
Q

what church did king henry VIII split from and what church did he create

A

roman catholic church and he created the anglican church

52
Q

why did king henry VIII leave the roman catholic church

A

he wanted to divorce his wife for Anne Boleyn, the pope refused, so he created the anglican church, which made england protestant and the monarch the head of the church, and he divorced his wife

53
Q

why was king james so unpopular

A

he was catholic and he suspended parliament

54
Q

when was the english bill of rights signed

A

1689

55
Q

where was the first english colony

A

jamestown, va

56
Q

what was the first legislature in the colonise

A

the virginia house of burgesses

57
Q

what was the albany plan of union

A

when delegates from seven colonies met and debated forming a federal union for mutual protection, which failed, but served as inspiration for future plans

58
Q

seven years war vs french and indian war

A

the seven years war was fought globally with britain and france, while the french and indian war was the specific portion fought in north america

59
Q

describe the stamp act

A

people had to buy expensive stamps for all the paper products they purchased, it was repealed due to boycott and the son’s of liberty’s tar and feathering of the tax collectors

60
Q

describe the declaratory act

A

stated that britain was allowed to tax the colonies whenever they wanted, and the colonies couldn’t do anything about it

61
Q

describe the townshend acts

A

tax on important goods (glass, tea, lead, paint, paper), allowed british agents to search homes for smuggled goods, bill of attainder

62
Q

direct vs indirect tax

A

direct tax is a tax on something the customer personally pays for (internal) and indirect tax is present on a good before purchase (external)

63
Q

describe the boston massacre

A

boston members were harassing british soldiers, making them fire into the crowd of protestors, killing 5, and it was publicized for anti-british intent

64
Q

describe the tea act

A

only british tea was allowed to be sold at low prices (in comparison to smugglar tea prices)

65
Q

describe the boston tea party

A

in the middle of the night, a group dressed in native american attire dumped 342 chests of tea into the boston harbor as a result of the tea act

66
Q

joint-stock company

A

investors provide partial ownership in a company organized for profit

67
Q

enlightenment

A

movement that spread the idea that reason and science could improve society

68
Q

what put mercantilism in place

A

the navigation acts

69
Q

describe the navigation acts

A

they stated that the colonies were only allowed to trade with the british

70
Q

timeline

A

mercantilism, navigation act, seven years war, end of salutary neglect, proclamation of 1763, stamp act, declaratory act, quartering act, townshend acts, boston massacre, tea act, boston tea party, intolerable acts, 1st continental congress, battle of lexington and concord, 2nd continental congress, common sense, declaration of independence

Honors Civics (6 decks)

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