Studying For Science Flashcards
Total magnifications
40x, 100x, 400x, 1000x
All magnifications
4x, 10x, 40x, 100x
Field sizes
4000 um, 1600 um, 400um, 160 um
How do you calculate the field size of a specimen
You take the field size and multiply it by how much width of the circle the specimen is taking up
Example 4000um x .75 = 3000 um
How to calculate the magnification of a specimen
You take the width of the specimen (make sure they both have same measurements like um) and divide it by the actual specimen size
What does it mean when it says stem cells are undifferentiated
It means they have not become any particular type of cell and can still become any type of cell.
Every cell has identitical identity so why do different cells go to different tissues
They go to different tissues because different genes are “turned on” in different cell types to send it into different development paths.
What are the three components of the cell theory
All cells come from preexisting cells
Cells are the smallest unit of life
All organisms are made up of one or more cells
What is the prokaryotic part for movement
Flagella
Prokaryotic part for attachment
Pili
Middle structural barrier in prokaryotes
Cell wall
Are where DNA is located in prokaryotes
Nucleoid region
Protein synthesis in prokaryotes
Ribosomes
Inner most permeable membrane in prokaryotes
Cell membrane
Outer most protective barrier in prokaryotes
Capsule
A cell wall made of peptidoglycan
Prokaryotic
Compartmentalized
Eukaryotes
DNA contained in a membrane bound nucleus
Eukaryotes
Contains a capsule
Prokaryotes
First to evolve
Prokaryotes
Contain a cell membrane
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Contain ribosomes
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Has cell walls containing cellulose
Eukaryotes
Contain cytoplasm
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
1-2 microns in size
Prokaryotes
What is binary fission
Binary Fission is when the chromosomes divide, the cell continues to grow, and the cell divides into two separate cells.
Do animals or plant have centrioles
Animals
Do animals or plants contain a Golgi body
Both
Do animals or plants contain a selectively permeable membrane
Both
Do animals or plants contain mitochondria
Both
Do animals or plants contain lysosomes
Animals
Site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Packages, modifies, and ships proteins
Golgi body
Site of ribosome synthesis
Nucleolus
What stores
Vacuoles
Transports lipids
Smooth ER
Allows substances to pass into or out of the cell
Cell membrane
Contain a set of genetic instructions for the cell
Nucleus
Provides structure and support in plant cells
Cell wal
Transports proteins
Rough ER
Regulates what comes into and out of nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Captures light energy for photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
Matrix in which organelles are suspended
Cytoplasm
Trace the life of a protein
Ribosome is made in rough ER
Ribosome travels through rough ER
Proteins pinch into a vesicle
Vesicle fuses with Golgi body
All molecules that come into Golgi are sorted, modified, and shipped
Molecules exit the Golgi in a new vesicle
Vesicle expels protein by exocytosis through cell memebrane
What are the five functions of a membrane protein
Form small openings for molecules to diffuse through Bring certain molecules into the cell Trigger cell responses To identify To carry out reactions
Active or passive transport moves down the concentration gradient
Active transport
Active or passive transport involves movement of ions from high to low concentration
Passive transport
Active or passive transport requires ATP
Active transport
Is osmosis active or passive transport
Passive transport
Active or passive transport moves from low to high concentration
Active transport
Active or passive transport involves bulk movement of liquid or solute into or out of the cell via vesicles
None
Active or passive transport is sodium potassium pump an example of
None
Who discovered and named cells
Robert Hooke
What are the four main purposes of mitosis
Growth
Embryonic development
Tissue repair
Asexual reproduction
