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Science Quiz Flashcards

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0
Q

3 parts of a nucleotide are

A

Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

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1
Q

DNA is made up of monomers called

A

Nucleotides

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2
Q

The 4 nitrogen bases in DNA are

A

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine

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3
Q

Purines have how many bases

A

2 bases

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4
Q

Pyrimidines have how many bases

A

1 base

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5
Q

The two purines are which two nitrogen bases

A

Adenine and Guanine

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6
Q

Which two nitrogen bases are pyrimidines

A

Thymine and Cytosine

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7
Q

Based on complementary base pairing rules which bases go with which

A

Adenine pairs with Thymine

Guanine pairs with Cytosine

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8
Q

A purine always pairs with what

A

A pyrimidine

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9
Q

DNA nucleotides always link together by what reaction

A

Condensation reaction

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10
Q

The sugar of nucleotide is linked to the what of the next nucleotide and the covalent bond formed is called a what bond

A

Phosphate

Phosphodiester bond

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11
Q

In a phosphodiester bond a molecule of water is

A

Released

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12
Q

A DNA molecule contains how many strands of nucleotides and these nucleotides are held together by what type of weak bond

A

Hydrogen

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13
Q

The shape of the DNA is

A

A double helix

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14
Q

The sides of the double helix are repeating what

A

Sugar and phosphate groups

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15
Q

The sequence of bases in the chain will determine what

A

Characteristics of an organism

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16
Q

RNA is made of monomers called

A

Nucleotides

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17
Q

The 3 parts of the nucleotide are the same except what

A

The sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose

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18
Q

The RNA bases are what

A

Adenine, Guanine, Uracil, and Cytosine

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19
Q

Uracil basically takes the place of what

A

Thymine

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20
Q

RNA forms a chain but what is different about the chain

A

The chain is single stranded instead of double stranded

21
Q

DNA holds the

A

Genetic information

22
Q

What does RNA help DNA do

A

Make proteins

23
Q

What phase does DNA replication occur

A

S phase of interphase

24
Q

DNA is semi- conservative, what does this mean

A
  1. No DNA molecule is ever completely new

2. There is always one original strand and one new strand

25
Q

Proteins are made up of what

A

Amino acids

26
Q

Amino acids are connected by a covalent bond called a

A

Peptide bond

27
Q

A what reaction occurs to link to amino acids together

A

A condensation reaction

28
Q

A condensation reaction releases what

A

A water molecule

29
Q

There are how many different amino acids

A

20

30
Q

mRNA, messenger RNA, does what

A

Copies code from DNA in nucleus and takes it to ribosome in cytoplasm

31
Q

tRNA, Transfer RNA, do what

A
  1. Bring an amino acid to the ribosome
  2. Has a cloverleaf shape
  3. Anticodon on bottom pairs with codon in mRNA
32
Q

rRNA, Ribosomal RNA, are what

A

Is what the ribosome is made of- with some proteins too

33
Q

Small sections of DNA that code for proteins are called what

A

Genes

34
Q

Genes contain bases in how many groups and are called what

A

3

Triplets

35
Q

The order of bases in a gene determine what

A

The order of amino acids in a protein

36
Q

How does the code for DNA that is in the nucleus and proteins at are made in the cytoplasm move

A

mRNA

37
Q

What happens during Transcription, and where does this happen

A

The code for DNA is copied onto mRNA and it happens in the nucleus

38
Q

What happens during Translation

A

The code on mRNA is carried to the ribosome for the amino acid to become a protein

39
Q

A gene in DNA is unzipped by what enzyme to form two strands

A

RNA polymerase

40
Q

Free what move into place along one DNA strand

A

RNA nucleotides

41
Q

What enzyme assembles these nucleotides and what does it use

A

The enzyme is RNA polymerase and it uses complementary base pairing

42
Q

The molecule of mRNA moves out to go to the ribosome and what enzyme zips it back up

A

RNA polymerase

43
Q

Any triplet in mRNA is a codon except what

A

The very last triplet, UAA

44
Q

How many combinations of triple based pairs are there

A

64

45
Q

Translation involves all 3 types of RNA, what are they

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

46
Q

a tRNA molecule with a what complimentary to a mRNA start codon carries over the first amino acid of any polypeptide chain

A

Anticodon

47
Q

What bond is formed between the tRNA anticodon and the mRNA codon

A

Hydrogen bond

48
Q

The first tRNA molecule detaches from the what

A

Ribosome

49
Q

The ribosome keeps moving along, one codon at a time until it reaches the what

A

Stop codon

50
Q

Stop codons only do what

A

Tell the ribosome when to stop translation

51
Q

The polypeptide chain does what from the ribosome and takes on its function in the cell

A

Dismantles

Spanish (12 decks)

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