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Geo > study_q_cards > Flashcards

study_q_cards Flashcards

1
Q

What does ‘Geography’ literally mean?

A

To write (about) Earth.

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2
Q

What is the main methodology governing geographic inquiry?

A

Spatial analysis.

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3
Q

Which of the following is true of scientific theories?

A

They are based on natural laws (such as those pertaining to gravity, relativity, atomic theory, etc.).

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4
Q

What is the key idea behind the scientific method?

A

The testing of ideas through controlled observations and experiments.

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5
Q

Which of the following pairs of words best describes the relationship between carbon dioxide absorbed by plants to: 1) a forest; and, 2) the atmosphere?

A

1) input; 2) output.

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6
Q

A large flood in a river may cause abrupt shifts leading to the carving of a new channel. Which of the following best defines the point at which this change occurs?

A

A threshold.

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7
Q

T/F: The prime meridian and the 180th meridian are opposite halves of the same great circle.

A

t

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8
Q

T/F: The day officially changes on Earth at the prime meridian.

A
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9
Q

T/F: Latitude is the angular distance measured north or south of the equator from the center of Earth and it describes a parallel line on the surface.

A

t

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10
Q

Which of the following best describes the subsolar point?

A

It only occurs at lower latitudes, between the tropics (23.5° N/S).

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11
Q

Which of the following is characterized by the longest wavelengths?

A

Radio waves.

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12
Q

To what does the thermopause refer?

A

The top of the atmosphere of Earth.

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13
Q

Which of the following best describes the relationship between insolation at the thermopause relative to latitude?

A

Lower latitudes receive more insolation than high latitudes annually.

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14
Q

To what does the term ‘net radiation’ refer?

A

It refers to the difference in amount of incoming and outgoing radiation.

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15
Q

The declination of the Sun migrates through how many degrees of latitude annually?

A

47°.

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16
Q

Which of the following is true for the March Equinox?

A

The subsolar point is at the equator.

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17
Q

While standing at the Tropic of Cancer, Emma’s shadow points north at noon (Sun time). Based on this, which of the following can be definitely concluded?

A

It must not be the summer solstice.

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18
Q

T/F: The axis of Earth is tilted 19.5° relative to the plane of the ecliptic.

A
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19
Q

T/F: The electromagnetic spectrum only shows the wavelengths associated with solar radiation.

A
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20
Q

Which atmospheric zone supports the biosphere and is the region of principal weather activity?

A

Troposphere.

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21
Q

Which of the following is true of Earth’s atmosphere?

A

The ozonosphere and ionosphere shield the surface from harmful radiation.

22
Q

How are the gases in the heterosphere arranged and why?

A

They are poorly mixed due to the influence of gravity which causes gases of different weight to separate into layers.

23
Q

What are the two most abundant gases in the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen and oxygen.

24
Q

In which two atmospheric zones does temperature increase with altitude?

A

Stratosphere and thermosphere.

25
Q

Why is stratospheric ozone loss a concern?

A

Stratospheric ozone absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation (UVB and UVC).

26
Q

Which of the following is correct regarding lapse rates in the troposphere?

A

The environmental lapse rate refers to the actual lapse rate at any particular time and may differ substantially from the normal lapse rate.

27
Q

What is the result of the reaction of automobile exhaust and ultraviolet light?

A

The reaction produces photochemical smog.

28
Q

T/F: Weather (rain, fog, storms, etc.) occurs primarily in the troposphere.

A

t

29
Q

T/F: Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.

A

t

30
Q

T/F: The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is higher now than any time in the last 800,000 years.

A

t

31
Q

The albedo of a surface is a measure of which of the following processes?

A

Reflection.

32
Q

Which of the following has the highest albedo?

A

Fresh snow.

33
Q

What happens if a surface absorbs insolation?

A

Its temperature increases.

34
Q

If the surface of Earth were to suddenly turn white, what would happen to the temperature of the planet and why?

A

Temperature would decrease because less insolation would be absorbed.

35
Q

What does the figure above illustrate regarding the relationship between insolation and air temperature through the course of day?

A

Air temperature reaches a maximum in the afternoon, whereas insolation reaches a maximum at noon.

36
Q

In the surface energy budget, what does the term - SW↑ represent?

A

Surface albedo.

37
Q

What is the source for longwave radiation (+ LW↓) arriving at Earth’s surface?

A

It comes primarily from infrared energy emitted by the atmosphere.

38
Q

The reflective quality of a surface is called its albedo and is expressed as a percentage.

A

t

39
Q

High latitudes have a higher albedo in winter than do lower latitudes.

A

t

40
Q

Heat energy flows from objects that are warmer to those that are cooler.

A

t

41
Q

Air temperature is a measure of the presence of which of the following?

A

Sensible heat.

42
Q

What is temperature?

A

It is a measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules in matter.

43
Q

Which of the following is the temperature control that includes the heat capacity of a substance?

A

Specific heat.

44
Q

If the temperature at the surface of Earth (at sea level) is 40°C, what is the approximate temperature at 2000 m if the normal lapse rate is 6.4 C° per 1000 m?

A

27°C.

45
Q

How does the specific heat of land compare to water and what does this mean about the rate of heating of land versus water?

A

Specific heat of land is lower; so land heats more quickly than water.

46
Q

What is the difference between elevation and altitude?

A

Elevation is the height of a point on the surface of Earth; altitude is the height above the surface of Earth.

47
Q

Both City A and City B are located at the same latitude and experience the same amount of cloud cover. City A has a mean annual temperature of 27°C and a temperature range of 22°C. City B has a mean annual temperature of 26°C and a temperature range of 14°C. Which city is located in the interior of the continent?

A

City A.

48
Q

T/F: Air pressure decreases with increased elevation.

A

t

49
Q

T/F: Clouds moderate temperatures producing lower daily maximums and higher nightly minimums.

A

t

50
Q

T/F: You would expect a tropical island to have a high degree of continentality.

A
51
Q

Which is the force that initiates air flow?

A

Pressure gradient force.

52
Q

Which is an isoline of equal pressure plotted on a weather map?

A

An isobar.

Geo (3 decks)

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